A High Sensitive,Reproducible and Disposable Immunosensor for Analysis of SOX2

In this study, an ITO (indium tin oxide) based biosensor was constructed to detect SOX2. SOX2 helps the regulation of cell pluripotency and is closely related to early embryonic development, neural and sexual differentiation. SOX2 is amplified and overexpressed in some malignant tumors such as squamous cell, lung, prostate, breast, esophageal cell, colon, ovarian, glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. To generate a hydroxylated clean electrode surface, ITO electrodes were treated with NH₄OH/H₂O₂/H₂O. Later, ITO‐PET electrode surfaces were modified with 3‐glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (3‐GOPS). Then, Anti‐SOX2 was covalently immobilized onto the electrode surfaces. 3‐GOPS concentration, Anti‐SOX2 concentration and incubation time, SOX2 incubation time were optimized. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were utilized in order to follow up the immobilization processes and the optimization steps of the biosensor. To characterize the analytical properties of constructed immunosensor; linear range, repeatability, reproducibility and regeneration studies were investigated. The linear range of the immunosensor was detected as 0.625 pg/mL–62.5 pg/mL. Square wave voltammetry technique was also applied to the biosensor. Storage life of the biosensor was determined for identifying the possible usability of the biosensor in clinical field. Finally, the designed biosensor was applied to the real human serum samples. The results obtained with the presented biosensor were also compared with ELISA results.     

On converse H-theorem

In the present paper the so-called weighting process is defined. Conditions on the weights implying the converse H-theorem are given. These conditions are satisfied by the iterated weighting process which contains, as a particular case, the Bayesian model for prediction and retrodiction given by S. Watanabe.     

Electric and electrochemical properties of solid LiH2PO4

Electrical and electrochemical properties of solid LiH₂PO₄ conductor were investigated in the temperature range from room temperature to 373 K. It was found that high conductivity throughout the temperature range, with activation energy 17.23 kJ/mol, originates from the movement of hydrogen ions (protons). The movement of protons in the correlation with phosphate groups rotation was considered. The slopes of Tafel lines and exchange current densities both for cathodic hydrogen and anodic oxygen evolution were determined (by means of usual electrochemical kinetic methods) at various temperatures. The energy of activation at the equilibrium potentials both for the cathodic and the anodic processes have been assessed to be 17.23 kJ/mol (0.18 eV) and 2.9 kJ/mol (0.03 eV), respectively.     

ESR determination of the thermal stability of Mn<Superscript>2+</Superscript> ion binding sites in different legume lectins

The legume lectins are a large family of homologous carbohydrate-binding proteins. Their carbohydrate specificity and quaternary structure vary widely. The carbohydrate binding activity of legume lectins depends on the simultaneous presence of calcium and transition-metal ions, especially the Mn²⁺ ion. In the present work, thermal stabilities of Mn²⁺ binding sites in pea, lentil, soybean and kidney-bean lectins have been studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy in the temperature range of 120–400 K in different atmospheres. The evolution of parameters, such as the line width, peak-to-peak intensity associated with the hyperfine transition [m _I (+5/2) → m′ _I (−5/2)] at the lowest magnetic field side of the central electron transition [m _S (+1/2) → m′ _S (−1/2)] of the Mn⁺² ion, g-factor and hyperfine splitting was evaluated. Annealing was also performed at high temperatures (353, 373, 383, 403 and 443 K) and the oxidation activation energy of Mn²⁺ ions in the indicated legumes was determined.     

Nanoplasmonic directional couplers and Mach–Zehnder interferometers

We present a novel design and analysis of two nano-scale plasmonic devices: a directional coupler and a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The designs of the two devices are based on our recent work on the air-gap coupler that resulted in high coupling efficiency between a dielectric waveguide and a plasmonic waveguide. The two devices are embedded between two dielectric waveguides and operate at optical telecom wavelengths. The overall efficiency was 37% for a 2×2 directional coupler switch and above 50% for the proposed designs for a Mach–Zehnder Interferometer. The efficiency in the proposed devices can be increased using broader plasmonic waveguides.     

Eigenvalues of Two Parameter Polynomial Operator Pencils of Waveguide Type

The spectral structure of two parameter unbounded operator pencils of waveguide type is studied. Theorems on discreteness of the spectrum for a fixed parameter are proved. Variational principles for real eigenvalues in some parts of the root zones are established. In the case of n = 1 (quadratic pencils) domains containing the spectrum are described (see Fig. 1–3). Conditions in the definition of the pencils of waveguide type arise naturally from physical problems and each of them has a physical meaning. In particular a connection between the energetic stability condition and a perturbation problem for the coefficients is given.     

Pro-torus actions on Poincaré duality spaces

In this paper, it is shown that some of the results of torus actions on Poincaré duality spaces, Borel’s dimension formula and topological splitting principle to local weights, hold if ‘torus’ is replaced by ‘pro-torus’.     

Synthesis,Characterization, DNA Binding Studies,Photocleavage, Cytotoxicity and Docking Studies of Ruthenium(II) Light Switch Complexes

A new ligand 3-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2yl)phenylboronic acid and its (IPPBA) three ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(phen)₂(IPPBA)](ClO₄)₂ (1), [Ru(bpy)₂(IPPBA)](ClO₄)₂ (2) and [Ru(dmb)₂(IPPBA)](ClO₄)₂ (3) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV/VIS, IR, ¹H-NMR,¹³C-NMR and mass spectra. The binding behaviors of the three complexes to calf thymus DNA were investigated by absorption spectra, emission spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, thermal denaturation and photoactivated cleavage. The DNA-binding constants for complexes 1, 2 and 3 have been determined to be 7.9?×?10⁵ M^?1, 6.7?×?10⁵ M^?1 and 2.9?×?10⁵ M^?1. The results suggest that these complexes bound to double-stranded DNA in an intercalation mode. Upon irradiation at 365 nm, three ruthenium complexes were found to promote the cleavage of plasmid pBR322 DNA from super coiled form ? to nicked form ??. Further in the presence of Co²⁺, the emission of DNA–Ru(ΙΙ) complexes can be quenched. And when EDTA was added, the emission was recovered. The experimental results show that all three complexes exhibited the “on–off–on” properties of molecular “light switch”. The highest Cytotoxicity potential of the complex1 was observed on the Human alveolar adenocarcinoma (A549) cell line. Good agreement was generally found between the spectroscopic techniques and molecular docked model which provides further evidence of groove binding.     

The Exchange Property in Grothendieck Categories: Applications

We introduce the concept of an object with the (finite) exchange property in an arbitrary Grothendieck category, and we present the basic properties of such an object. Applications are given for categories of graded modules and for categories of comodules over a coalgebra. Among other results, it is proved that an arbitrary coalgebra 𝒞 over a field has the finite exchange property.     

A new Taylor collocation method for nonlinear Fredholm‐Volterra integro‐differential equations

The aim of this article is to present an efficient numerical procedure for solving nonlinear integro‐differential equations. Our method depends mainly on a Taylor expansion approach. This method transforms the integro‐differential equation and the given conditions into the matrix equation which corresponds to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations with unkown Taylor coefficients. The reliability and efficiency of the proposed scheme are demonstrated by some numerical experiments and performed on the computer program written in Maple10. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010