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31.
Conner A. Hoelzel Hang Hu Charles H. Wolstenholme Basel A. Karim Kyle T. Munson Kwan Ho Jung Han Zhang Prof. Yu Liu Prof. Hemant P. Yennawar Prof. John B. Asbury Prof. Xiaosong Li Prof. Xin Zhang 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(12):4815-4822
While organic donor-acceptor (D-A) molecules are widely employed in multiple areas, the application of more D-A molecules could be limited because of an inherent polarity sensitivity that inhibits photochemical processes. Presented here is a facile chemical modification to attenuate solvent-dependent mechanisms of excited-state quenching through addition of a β-carbonyl-based polar substituent. The results reveal a mechanism wherein the β-carbonyl substituent creates a structural buffer between the donor and the surrounding solvent. Through computational and experimental analyses, it is demonstrated that the β-carbonyl simultaneously attenuates two distinct solvent-dependent quenching mechanisms. Using the β-carbonyl substituent, improvements in the photophysical properties of commonly used D-A fluorophores and their enhanced performance in biological imaging are shown. 相似文献
32.
Jennifer L. Gottfried Frank C. De Lucia Jr. Chase A. Munson Andrzej W. Miziolek 《Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy》2007,62(12):1405-1411
We have developed a double-pulse standoff laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (ST-LIBS) system capable of detecting a variety of hazardous materials at tens of meters. The use of a double-pulse laser improves the sensitivity and selectivity of ST-LIBS, especially for the detection of energetic materials. In addition to various metallic and plastic materials, the system has been used to detect bulk explosives RDX and Composition-B, explosive residues, biological species such as the anthrax surrogate Bacillus subtilis, and chemical warfare simulants at 20 m. We have also demonstrated the discrimination of explosive residues from various interferents on an aluminum substrate. 相似文献
33.
Over the years, the emissive characteristics (spectral, temporal, and polarization) of fluorophores have been widely used to probe a wide variety of systems. Fluorescence lifetime and rotational reorientation time measurements, in particular, offer a means to elucidate key details about complex systems. Further, because fluorescence occurs on the nanosecond (10−9 s) timescale, competing or perturbing kinetic processes like collisional quenching, solvent relaxation, energy transfer, and rotational reorientation can affect the fluorescence and hence be quantified. Thus, a carefully chosen and “placed” fluorophore can serve as an reporter on a wide range of nanosecond or faster events. This contribution is divided into three sections. The Theory section discusses time-resolved anisotropy and intensity decay kinetics (time and frequency domains), pump–probe spectroscopy, and up-conversion. The second section describes time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) and multifrequency phase-modulation fluorescence instruments. The final section is divided into subsections on the use of time-resolved fluorescence: (1) to study solvation dynamics, biochemical systems, polymer photophysics, and organized media; (2) as a tool in the separation sciences, microscopy, and sensing; and (3) coupled with multiphoton excitation strategies. 相似文献
34.
Kamel AM Fouda HG Brown PR Munson B 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2002,13(5):543-557
Electrospray ionization (ESI) and collisionally induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra were obtained for five tetracyclines and the corresponding compounds in which the labile hydrogens were replaced by deuterium by either gas phase or liquid phase exchange. The number of labile hydrogens, x, could easily be determined from a comparison of ESI spectra obtained with N2 and with ND3 as the nebulizer gas. CID mass spectra were obtained for [M + H]+ and [M - H]- ions and the exchanged analogs, [M(Dx) + D]+ and [M(Dx) - D]- , and produced by ESI using a Sciex API-III(plus) and a Finnigan LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer. Compositions of product ions and mechanisms of decomposition were determined by comparison of the MS(N) spectra of the un-deuterated and deuterated species. Protonated tetracyclines dissociate initially by loss of H2O (D2O) and NH3 (ND3) if there is a tertiary OH at C-6. The loss of H2O (D2O) is the lower energy process. Tetracyclines without the tertiary OH at C-6 lose only NH3 (ND3) initially. MSN experiments showed easily understandable losses of HDO, HN(CH3)2, CH3 - N=CH2, and CO from fragment ions. The major fragment ions do not come from cleavage reactions of the species protonated at the most basic site. Deprotonated tetracyclines had similar CID spectra, with less fragmentation than those observed for the protonated tetracyclines. The lowest energy decomposition paths for the deprotonated tetracyclines are the competitive loss of NH3 (ND3) or HNCO (DNCO). Product ions appear to be formed by charge remote decompositions of species de-protonated at the C-10 phenol. 相似文献
35.
Zedong Dong Victor G. Young Jr. Eric J. Munson Steve A. Schroeder Indra Prakash David J.W. Grant 《Journal of chemical crystallography》2003,33(10):787-793
The benzene and ethanol solvates of neotame crystallized from solutions of neotame anhydrate in benzene and ethanol, respectively. The crystal structures of the two solvates were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. The benzene solvate crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P21, Z = 2, with one neotame molecule and one benzene molecule per asymmetric unit. The cell constants are a = 13.060 (6) Å, b = 5.582 (2) Å, c = 17.954 (9) Å, and = 102.079 (15)°. The ethanol solvate crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group, P212121 with Z = 8 (Z = 2). The cell constants are a = 10.047 (4) Å, b = 17.001 (4) Å, and c = 28.948 (7) Å. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding among neotame molecules is evident in the two crystals. The benzene solvate has a nonpolar region containing the benzene molecules, with the benzene rings and alkyl chains of the neotame molecules. 相似文献
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38.
The purpose of this study is to elucidate the nature of the phase transformations of lead monoxide powder. Lead monoxide is prepared by calcination of a lead oxalate precursor salt, and its phase transformations are studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TG). Analysis reveals that the phase transformations observed for oxalate-derived lead monoxide powder are highly dependent on the firing atmosphere. In nitrogen, as the temperature is increased 1 deg/min from room temperature, lead monoxide undergoes a reconstructive litharge-to-massicot phase transformation in a temperature range of 525–575°C. In air, litharge, metastable at room temperature, slowly oxidizes to the Pb3O4 phase at a temperature of 350°C and rapidly reduces to litharge at 560°C. At temperatures greater than 560°C, litharge converts to massicot. With heating rates of 10 deg/min or higher, formation of Pb3O4 is not observed. 相似文献
39.
Enhanced mechanical stability of microtubules polymerized with a slowly hydrolyzable nucleotide analogue 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to investigate the local mechanical and structural properties of microtubules polymerized using guanylyl-alpha-beta-methylene diphosphonate (GMPCPP), a slowly hydrolyzable analogue of guanosine triphosphate. Using a combination of AFM imaging and local force spectroscopy, GMPCPP-polymerized microtubules have been qualitatively and quantitatively compared to paclitaxel-stabilized microtubules. GMPCPP-polymerized microtubules qualitatively display a greater resistance to destruction by the AFM probe tip during imaging and during deformation measurements and maintain structural details after indentation. In addition, using force spectroscopy taken during the indentation and collapse of individual microtubules with the AFM probe tip, an effective spring constant of the microtubule wall (kMT) for both types of microtubules was determined. The average kMT of GMPCPP-polymerized microtubules, 0.172 N/m, is more than twice that of paclitaxel-stabilized microtubules. These results complement previously reported measurements of bending experiments on GMPCPP-polymerized and paclitaxel-stabilized microtubules. 相似文献
40.
The kinetic method was used to determine the proton affinities of methyl esters of several saturated fatty acids. Decompositions of the proton-bound dimers of the methyl esters, AHB+, were observed under different conditions with two instruments. The proton affinities (PAs) of the methyl esters increase continually with increasing carbon number in the acid. Equilibrium and initial rate experiments were performed with a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer on the methyl ester of the C22 saturated acid (methyl behenate). These experiments give values for PA (methyl behenate) that are perhaps slightly lower than those obtained with the kinetic method. The PAs of the methyl esters of the fatty acids could be correlated with the equation: PA (ester) = (40.0 ± 2.5)*log(n) + (784.7 ± 3.9) kJ/mol or PA (ester) = (864 ± 2) − (479 ± 41)/n, wheren = number of atoms in the molecule. Proton affinities of smaller sets of 1-alkylamines and 1-alkanols can be fit to similar equations. 相似文献