Carrier transport in two-dimensional graphene layers

Carrier transport in gated 2D graphene monolayers is considered in the presence of scattering by random charged impurity centers with density n(i). Excellent quantitative agreement is obtained (for carrier density n>10(12) cm(-2)) with existing experimental data. The conductivity scales linearly with n/n(i) in the theory. We explain the experimentally observed asymmetry between electron and hole conductivities, and the high-density saturation of conductivity for the highest mobility samples. We argue that the experimentally observed saturation of conductivity at low density arises from the charged impurity induced inhomogeneity in the graphene carrier density which becomes severe for n less, similarn(i) approximately 10(12) cm(-2).     

Transport and percolation in a low-density high-mobility two-dimensional hole system

We present a study of the temperature and density dependence of the resistivity of an extremely high quality two-dimensional hole system grown on the (100) surface of GaAs. For high densities in the metallic regime (p > or approximately4x10;{9} cm;{-2}), the nonmonotonic temperature dependence ( approximately 50-300 mK) of the resistivity is consistent with temperature dependent screening of residual impurities. At a fixed temperature of T=50 mK, the conductivity versus density data indicate an inhomogeneity driven percolation-type transition to an insulating state at a critical density of 3.8x10;{9} cm;{-2}.     

Synthesis and studies on dichloro iodo triphenylphosphine oxide nickel(III)

A new compound of nickel(III), [Ni(OPPh₃)Cl₂I] has been prepared by the action of nitrosyl chloride or chlorine gas on [Ni(PPh₃)₂I₂]. Various physical studies of the compound are reported.     

DWIA calculation of the 16O(α, 2α) reaction

The cross sections for the ¹⁶O(α, 2α) reaction have been calculated in the distorted wave impulse approximation. The influence of the optical potentials in the incident and final channels on the energy sharing distribution and the spectroscopic factors has been investigated. Optical potentials with small imaginary content are shown to fit both elastic scattering and the experimental data well and give a spectroscopic factor of 1.1; the contribution from the nuclear interior broadens the energy sharing distributions, in agreement with observations.     

Anomalous high pressure dependence of the Jahn-Teller phonon in La(0.75)Ca(0.25)MnO(3)

Raman spectra of La(0.75)Ca(0.25)MnO(3) have been collected for the first time over a wide pressure range (0-14 GPa) using a diamond anvil cell. The frequency range explored (200-1100 cm(-1)) and the very good quality of the data allowed us to carefully analyze the pressure evolution of the phonon modes of the MnO(6) octahedra. The results show an abrupt transition at approximately 7.5 GPa with an evident deviation from the linear trend of the frequency of the Jahn-Teller phonon versus the applied pressure, accompanied by a strong phonon broadening. This behavior disagrees with the predicted insulator to metal transition and, on the contrary, indicates the occurrence of a new unpredicted phase in the very high pressure regime.     

Study of the growth of capped ZnO nanocrystals: a route to rational synthesis

We report the study of complex and unexpected dependencies of nanocrystal size as well as nanocrystal-size distribution on various reaction parameters in the synthesis of ZnO nanocrystals using poly(vinyl pyrollidone) (PVP) as a capping agent. This method establishes a qualitatively different growth mechanism to the anticipated Ostwald ripening behavior. The study of size-distribution kinetics and an understanding of the observed non-monotonic behaviors provides a route to rational synthesis. We used a simple, but accurate, approach to estimate the size-distribution function of nanocrystals from the UV-absorption spectrum. Our results demonstrate the accuracy and generality of this approach, and we also illustrate its application to various semiconducting nanocrystals, such as ZnO, ZnS, and CdSe, over a wide size range (1.8-5.3 nm).     

Heating of non-Newtonian falling liquid film on a horizontal tube

The problem of heat transfer to non-Newtonian laminar falling liquid films on horizontal tubes is investigated theoretically for constant heat flux and isothermal conditions imposed at the inner periphery of the tube. The local and average heat transfer coefficients are obtained as function of the system parameters by conjugating the convective transport of heat to the liquid film to the thermal conduction in the material of the tube in the peripheral direction. The results indicate that the average heat transfer coefficient can be described successfully by three dimensionless groups characterizing the dynamic flow characteristics of the film, modified Prandtl number and the index of the power law variation of the rate of angular shear deformation of the fluid with respect to the shear stress.Das Problem des Wärmeübergangs an laminar ablaufende Fallfilme nicht-Newtonscher Flüssigkeiten an horizontalen Rohren wird unter Voraussetzungen konstanter Temperatur bzw. konstanten Wärmeflusses bezüglich des Rohrinnenumfangs theoretisch untersucht. Die örtlichen und gemittelten Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten erhält man als Funktion der Systemparameter unter gleichzeitiger Berücksichtigung des konvektiven Wärmetransportes an dem Flüssigkeitsfilm und der Wärmeleitung im Rohrmaterial in Umfangsrichtung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß sich der gemittelte Wärmeübergangskoeffizient zufriedenstellend in Abhängigkeit von drei dimensionslosen Kenngrößen darstellen läßt. Diese charakterisieren das dynamische Fließverhalten des Films bzw. entsprechen einer modifizierten Prandtl-Zahl und dem Exponenten des Potenzgesetzes, welches die Abhängigkeit der Scherdeformation der Flüssigkeit von der Schubspannung wiedergibt.