Excitation of defect modes from the extended photonicband-gap structures of 1D photonic lattices

This paper stuides numerically the model equation in a one dimensional defective photonic lattice by modifying the potential function to a periodic function. It is found that defect modes (DMs) can be regarded as Bloch modes which are excited from the extended photonic band-gap structure at Bloch wave-numbers with k x = 0. The DMs for both positive and negative defects are considered in this method.     

Bentonite-modified electrochemical sensors: a brief overview of features and applications

Bentonites are promising materials for electrochemical sensing because of their unique physicochemical properties. They have relatively high surface area, good adsorption and ion-exchange ability, highly tunable surface and interlayer composition, non-toxic nature, and excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, they are outstanding substrates for stable immobilization of different functional moieties. The primary focus of this review article is to highlight the applications of bentonite-modified electrodes for the analysis of organic and inorganic analytes in different matrices. A brief summary on the necessity of analysis of different compounds is provided. For the first time, features and applications of bentonite-modified electrodes are critically appraised. The key features of bentonite-modified electrodes that enhance their electrocatalytic activity toward detection of certain target analytes are highlighted. At the end, an account of current status of bentonite-modified electrodes along with future research directions is provided.     

Significance of Darcy-Forchheimer Porous Medium in Nanofluid Through Carbon Nanotubes

This article manages Darcy-Forchheimer 3D flow of water based carbon nanomaterial (CNTs). A bidirectional nonlinear stretchable surface has been utilized to make the flow. Disturbance in permeable space has been represented by Darcy Forchheimer (DF) expression. Heat transfer mechanism is explored through convective heating.Outcomes for SWCNT and MWCNT have been displayed and compared. The reduction of partial differential framework into nonlinear common differential framework is made through reasonable variables. Optimal series scheme is utilized for arrangements advancement of associated flow issue. Optimal homotopic solution expressions for velocities and temperature are studied through graphs by considering various estimations of physical variables. Moreover surface drag coefficients and heat transfer rate are analyzed through plots.     

Novel Fluorescent Membrane for Metronidazole Sensing Prepared by Covalent Immobilization of a Pyrenebutyric Acid Derivative

In the present paper, we report the fabrication of a new sensing membrane for fluorescence detection of metronidazole (MNZ). Briefly, a pyrenebutyric acid derivative, 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl-4-(1-pyrenyl) butanoate (MPB) with a double bond, was synthesized and copolymerized with 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) on the activated glass surface by thermal initiation in the presence of cross-linker. The sensor responds linearly to metronidazole in the concentration range of 1.23~35.48 mg.L^?1 in aqueous solution with a detection limit of 0.36 mg.L^?1. The lifetime is enhanced by covalently immobilizing the pyrenebutyric acid derivative on glass slide, which hinders leaching of the dye from the membrane. The sensor could be regenerated after use by washing in methanol (RSD?=?2.42 %), and it shows sufficient stability, and selectivity. Interference of other pharmaceuticals on membrane performance is discussed. The developed membrane has been successfully applied for the direct determination of metronidazole in human serum sample without pretreatment.     

Boundary Layer Flow over a Curved Surface Imbedded in Porous Medium

This research is made to visualize the boundary layer flow by a curved stretching sheet embedded in porous medium. The geometry is bended(curved), therefore the curvilinear coordinates are used to model the present problem.Fluid is electrically conducting with the presence of uniform magnetic field. The governing non-linear partial differential equation reduces to non-linear ordinary differential equations by using the dimensionless suitable transformations. The numerical solutions are obtained by using the method bvp4c from MATLAB. The effects of curvature parameter, nondimensional magnetic parameter, and porosity parameter on the velocity field and skin friction coefficient are examined.The skin friction profile enhances with enhancing the values of porosity and magnetic parameter. Comparison of the present results with the existing results in the literature for the flat surface is also given.     

Processing and characterization of fire-retardant modified polystyrene/functional graphite composites

In the current endeavor, polystyrene (PS) was first functionalized to get nitro-substituted polystyrene (PS-NO₂) and then the matrix was further modified into an amino-functional polystyrene (PS-NH₂). Later the effect of addition of acid functional graphite (F-G) on the mechanical, thermal, morphological, and non-flammability properties of composite series (PS/F-G 0.01–0.5, PS-NO₂/F-G 0.01–0.5, and PS-NH₂/F-G 0.01–0.5) was scrutinized. The composites were prepared using solution processing and melt blending. According to FESEM, the solution mixing of graphite prevented the nano-filler aggregation in the matrix relative to melt-processed hybrids. There was considerable augment in the tensile strength and tensile modulus of solution-processed amino-functional material (32.8–39.6?MPa and 3.8–5.7?GPa, respectively) with functional graphite loading relative to PS/F-G 0.01–0.5 and PS-NO₂/F-G 0.01–0.5 prepared. Adding up of F-G also improved the thermal stability of solution-processed composites, and the enhancement was maximum in the case of PS-NH₂/F-G 0.01–0.5 with 10% weight loss in the range 446–477 °C. In solution system, cone calorimetry results show a decrease in the PHHR values of the composites relative to pure PS and nitro-functional matrix. PS-NH₂/F-G 0.5 had PHHR value of 462 kW/m², and the reduction of HRR values was also escorted by decrease in ignition time. Thermal, mechanical, and non-flammability results of solution-processed systems were found to be enhanced compared with melt-blended system depicting the advantage of the technique used.     

Analytical and semi-analytical solutions to flows of two immiscible Maxwell fluids between moving plates

Unsteady flows of two immiscible Maxwell fluids in a rectangular channel bounded by two moving parallel plates are studied. The fluid motion is generated by a time-dependent pressure gradient and by the translational motions of the channel walls in their planes. Analytical solutions for velocity and shear stress fields have been obtained by using the Laplace transform coupled with the finite sine-Fourier transform. These analytical solutions are new in the literature and the method developed in this paper can be generalized to unsteady flows of n-layers of immiscible fluids. By using the Laplace transform and classical method for ordinary differential equations, the second form of the Laplace transforms of velocity and shear stress are determined. For the numerical Laplace inversion, two accuracy numerical algorithms, namely the Talbot algorithm and the improved Talbot algorithm are used.