On the Feasibility of an In Vitro Noninvasive Absorbance-Based Cell Proliferation Analysis Technique,Using Cell Culture Media

The preliminary results of a study on the applicability of using spectrophotometry of the culture medium toward understanding of cells' response to different environments is reported. The cells are cultivated on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates and physicochemically manipulated by varying the substrate stiffness and the dose of surface plasma treatment. By growing cervical cancer (HeLa) cells on PDMS with varying stiffness and plasma treatment levels, we tested the hypothesis that the influence of substrate stiffness and treatment can be detected through the spectrophotometry of a microvolume of cell culture medium. The results imply an opportunity of using the spectrophotometry of culture media with an integrated minimal sample retention system as a practical and noninvasive alternative to traditional bioassays requiring cells detachment.     

Scope and limitations of a novel synthesis of 3-arylazonicotinates

The reaction of 3-oxo-3-phenyl-2-phenylhydrazonal with functionally substituted and heteroaromatic substituted acetonitrile to yield arylazonicotinic acid derivatives and 5-arylsubstituted pyridines was established. In some cases the produced nicotinates could not be isolated as they underwent thermally induced 6π-electrocyclization yielding polynuclear pyridine derivatives.     

Development of chromatographic separation of some biological materials using poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) resin

The aim of the present study is to develop of chromatographic separation of some biological materials using poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) resin P(AAm-AA-DMAEMA). The copolymer was prepared by a template copolymerization of DMAEMA and AA in aqueous solution on polyacrylamide (PAAm) as a template polymer and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) as a crosslinker using gamma rays as initiator. Some biological materials such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tri-iodothyronine (T₃) were labeled using ¹²⁵I and the purifications of all tracers were carried out using prepared resin compared with Sephadex. Factors affecting were studied to reach the most efficiency purification including pH buffer, variable elution volumes, flow rate and temperature. The radiochemical purity percent was determined using paper electrophoresis and immunoreactivity of tracer was checked. The efficiency of purification that obtained using the prepared resin is nearly equivalent to that of Sephadex.     

Closure to discussion of critical earthquake load inputs for multi-degree-of-freedom inelastic structures

This closure addresses the comments raised by Dr Ashkinadze on the author's paper on modeling critical earthquake load inputs for multi-degree-of-freedom inelastic structures [JSV 325 (2009) 532-544].     

Spectroscopic,thermal, biological activity,molecular docking and density functional theoretical investigation of novel bis Schiff base complexes

New Schiff base ligand (H₂L, 1,2‐bis[(2‐(2‐hydroxyphenylimino)‐methyl)phenoxy]ethane) came from condensation reaction of bisaldehyde and 2‐aminophenol was synthesized in a molar ratio 1:2. Metal complexes and the ligand were completely discussed with spectroscopic and theoretical mechanism. The complexes with Fe(III), Cr(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Th(IV) and Zn(II) have been discussed and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, IR, mass spectroscopy, thermal, magnetic measurements, and ¹H NMR. The results proved that the Schiff base was a divalent anion with hexadentate O₄N₂ donors came from the etheric oxygens (O1, O2), azomethine nitrogens (N1, N2) and deprotonated phenolic oxygens (O3, O4). Density Functional Theory using (B3LYP/6‐31G*) level of theory were implemented to predict molecular geometry, Mulliken atomic energetic and charges of the ligand and complexes. The calculation display that complexes had weak field ligand. The binding energy ranged from 650.5 to 1499.0 kcal/mol for Mn(II) and Th(IV) complexes, respectively. The biological behavior of the Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes were displayed against bacteria and fungi organisms. Fe(III) complex gave remarkable biological activity in comparison with the parent bis Schiff base.     

Cyanoacetamide in heterocyclic chemistry: Synthesis,antitumor and antioxidant activities of some new benzothiophenes

Cyanoacylation of 2‐amino‐tetrahydrobenzothiophene‐3‐carboxylate ethyl ester with 3‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐3‐oxopropanenitrile afforded cyanoacetamide 2 . The later was utilized as key intermediate for the synthesis of 3‐substituted 2‐iminocoumarins 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 and acrylamides 7a , b via Knoevenagel condensation with 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde; 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde; 1‐nitrosonaphthalen‐2‐ol; 7‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐4H‐chromene‐6‐carbaldehyde; 4‐dimethylamino‐benzaldehyde; and 4‐piperidin‐1‐yl‐benzaldehyde in EtOH/piperidine. The derivatives 7a , b did not afford the pyrazoles 8a , b upon treating with phenyl hydrazine. Furthermore, coupling of 2 with 4‐amino‐1,5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3(2H)‐one and 4,6‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridin‐3‐amine afforded the hydrazone derivatives 9 and 10 , respectively. The later derivative 10 was cyclized in acetic acid to afford the pyridopyrazolotriazine 11 . Finally, 2 was treated with dimethylformamide‐dimethylacetal (DMF‐DMA) to afford the dimethylaminoacrylamide 12 which underwent transamination with 4,6‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridin‐3‐amine to afford the pyrazole 13 . Cyclization of compound 13 in acetic acid or pyridine was unsuccessful. The antitumor and antioxidant activities of the synthesized products were evaluated; several were found to exhibit promising antioxidant activities. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).     

Novel synthesis of highly functionalized pyrazolone systems via rearrangement of 5-phenyl-1-oxa-5,6-diazaspiro[2.4]heptane-4,7-diones

Epoxidation of 4-alkylidene(arylidene)-1-phenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinediones using alkaline hydrogen peroxide gave the corresponding 5-phenyl-1-oxa-5,6-diazaspiro[2.4]heptane-4,7-dione derivatives. Their reaction with nucleophilic reagents was investigated. The resulting products depend on the type of the diazaspiro compound and/or the nucleophile used.     

2-Cyano-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl) Acetamide as a Synthon in Heterocyclic Synthesis

This review describes the synthesis and reactions of 2-cyano-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl) acetamide as a building block for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized heterocyclic compounds including its synthesis, reactivity, and reaction.     

Chemistry of 2-Amino-3-cyanopyridines

This review presents a systematic and comprehensive survey of the method of preparation and the chemical reactivity of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines. The target compounds are important intermediates for the synthesis of a variety of synthetically useful and novel heterocyclic systems.