航天器对接相对位置姿态自主测量方法研究

航天器间相对位置姿态的准确测量是实现自主自动对接的先决条件。将三圆标志靶安装在目标航天器上;追踪航天器用数码相机对靶拍照。设计了亚像素处理方法实时处理数字照片,可精确测定圆心像点位置和特征直径的像长;用其作为基本特征参数,基于透视投影原理,建立了求圆心物空间坐标的公式,求出靶面的平面方程,可用来求两航天器间的相对位置姿态参数和实时标定相机的可变参数。计算机仿真结果表明,测距为2m时,测圆心像点位置的误差小于0.03个像素,测距误差小于1mm,测姿态角的误差小于0.01°。该方法也适用于无人直升飞机定点着陆时自主测量其相对位姿参数。     

Synthesis and characterization of Sr3Al2O6：Eu2＋, Dy3＋ phosphors prepared by sol-gel-combustion processing

A type of red luminescent Sr3Al2O6:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphor powder is synthesised by sol-gel-combustion processing, with metal nitrates used as the source of metal ions and citric acid as a chelating agent of metal ions. By tracing the formation process of the sol-gel, it is found that it is necessary to reduce the amount of NO3- by dropping ethanol into the solution for forming a stable and homogeneous sol-gel. Thermogravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimeter Analysis, x-ray diffractionmeter, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy are used to investigate the luminescent properties of the as-synthesised Sr3Al2O6:Eu2+, Dy3+. The results reveal that the Sr3Al2O6 crystallises completely when the combustion ash is sintered at 1250 C. The excitation and the emission spectra indicate that the excitation broadband lies mainly in a visible range and the phosphors emit a strong light at 618 nm under the excitation of 472 nm. The afterglow of (Sr0.94Eu0.03Dy0.03)3Al2O6 phosphors sintered at 1250 ℃ lasts for over 1000 s when the excited source is cut off.     

描述甲烷在Pt(110)-(21)表面的化学吸附解离的密度泛函评估

本文探讨了几种梯度近似(GGA)密度泛函及元梯度近似(meta-GGA)密度泛函在描述甲烷在重构的Pt(110)-(2×1)上的解离化学吸附作用的适用性. 金属的体相和表面结构、甲烷的吸附能量和解离能垒等被用来评估泛函的可靠性. 另外,在从头算分子动力学计算中,采用范德瓦尔斯矫正的GGA函数(optPBE-vdW)和范德瓦尔斯矫正的meta-GGA函数(MS-PBEl-rVV10）计算粘附概率. 计算结果表明,使用这两种泛函能更好地与现有的实验结果吻合,从而为发展甲烷在Pt(110)-(2×1)表面解离的可靠机器学习势能面打下重要基础.     

Proton transfer rate‐equilibria in apolar aprotic solvents: a historical perspective

Low dielectric constant apolar aprotic solvents, although employed on a limited scale for studying proton transfer reactions as compared with commonly used polar protic or dipolar aprotic ones, offer some particular advantages, namely, specific solute–solvent interactions are virtually eliminated and proton transfer occurs directly in an apolar aprotic solvent. An intriguing feature of these reactions is their general acid‐catalyzed/base‐catalyzed kinetics with a time scale over microseconds to minutes. In fact, the true or intrinsic relative strengths of acids/bases when measured in such solvents come to the fore much more clearly than those obtained in other classes of solvents. Recently, a review documenting the post‐1980 developments relating to proton transfer reactions in apolar aprotic solvents has been published. The present article is a commentary of the pre‐1980 developments in this area since the 1920s Brønsted–Lowry's “proton cult” of acid–base theory. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.