首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   297936篇
  免费   3372篇
  国内免费   847篇
化学   162780篇
晶体学   4375篇
力学   12676篇
综合类   9篇
数学   34874篇
物理学   87441篇
  2020年   2546篇
  2019年   2740篇
  2018年   3475篇
  2017年   3462篇
  2016年   5260篇
  2015年   3350篇
  2014年   5046篇
  2013年   12333篇
  2012年   9805篇
  2011年   12073篇
  2010年   8153篇
  2009年   7833篇
  2008年   11166篇
  2007年   11376篇
  2006年   10712篇
  2005年   9805篇
  2004年   8896篇
  2003年   8011篇
  2002年   7848篇
  2001年   7722篇
  2000年   6036篇
  1999年   4693篇
  1998年   4186篇
  1997年   4172篇
  1996年   4035篇
  1995年   3662篇
  1994年   3789篇
  1993年   3455篇
  1992年   3917篇
  1991年   3902篇
  1990年   3803篇
  1989年   3662篇
  1988年   3783篇
  1987年   3653篇
  1986年   3464篇
  1985年   4704篇
  1984年   4960篇
  1983年   4103篇
  1982年   4302篇
  1981年   4232篇
  1980年   4187篇
  1979年   4148篇
  1978年   4432篇
  1977年   4329篇
  1976年   4370篇
  1975年   4052篇
  1974年   4087篇
  1973年   4243篇
  1972年   2938篇
  1971年   2452篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
121.

The behavior of group-4 homologs Zr and Hf on extraction-chromatographic sorbents LN resin and TRU resin in mixtures of HF and HNO3 is considered. Distribution coefficients of the elements in the mixtures of 5·10−4 M–1 M HF and 0.01 M–5 M HNO3 are determined. Strong retention of both elements was found on LN resin in the range of concentrations c(HF) ≤ 0.01 M for all concentrations of HNO3. Retention tends to gradually disappear while increasing c(HF) to 0.5 M. On TRU resin retention is observed only in solutions with c(HNO3) ≥ 2 M and c(HF) ≤ 0.01 M. The possibility of separating Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) on LN resin is illustrated in two different acid mixtures, whereas their separation on TRU resin under the conditions studied in this work is difficult. The results obtained can be used to isolate analytes from multicomponent mixtures during analytical tasks, as well as to separate them from each other.

  相似文献   
122.
G.E. Farr 《Discrete Mathematics》2019,342(5):1510-1519
This paper continues the study of combinatorial properties of binary functions — that is, functions f:2E? such that f(0?)=1, where E is a finite set. Binary functions have previously been shown to admit families of transforms that generalise duality, including a trinity transform, and families of associated minor operations that generalise deletion and contraction, with both these families parameterised by the complex numbers. Binary function representations exist for graphs (via the indicator functions of their cutset spaces) and indeed arbitrary matroids (as shown by the author previously). In this paper, we characterise degenerate elements – analogues of loops and coloops – in binary functions, with respect to any set of minor operations from our complex-parameterised family. We then apply this to study the relationship between binary functions and Tutte’s alternating dimaps, which also support a trinity transform and three associated minor operations. It is shown that only the simplest alternating dimaps have binary representations of the form we consider, which seems to be the most direct type of representation. The question of whether there exist other, more sophisticated types of binary function representations for alternating dimaps is left open.  相似文献   
123.
We consider the problem of estimating a large rank-one tensor u k ∈ (n)k , k ≥ 3 , in Gaussian noise. Earlier work characterized a critical signal-to-noise ratio λ  Bayes = O(1) above which an ideal estimator achieves strictly positive correlation with the unknown vector of interest. Remarkably, no polynomial-time algorithm is known that achieved this goal unless λCn(k − 2)/4 , and even powerful semidefinite programming relaxations appear to fail for 1 ≪ λn(k − 2)/4 . In order to elucidate this behavior, we consider the maximum likelihood estimator, which requires maximizing a degree-k homogeneous polynomial over the unit sphere in n dimensions. We compute the expected number of critical points and local maxima of this objective function and show that it is exponential in the dimensions n , and give exact formulas for the exponential growth rate. We show that (for λ larger than a constant) critical points are either very close to the unknown vector u or are confined in a band of width Θ(λ−1/(k − 1)) around the maximum circle that is orthogonal to u . For local maxima, this band shrinks to be of size Θ(λ−1/(k − 2)) . These “uninformative” local maxima are likely to cause the failure of optimization algorithms. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   
124.
Balanophora involucrata J. D. Hooker has been known to possess potential anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities; however, its antiviral activity has not been evaluated so far. In order to find new neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), the neuraminidase (NA) inhibition activity of different B. involucrata extracts was evaluated. In this study, an in vitro NA inhibition assay was performed to identify which extract of B. involucrata exhibits (maximal) inhibitory activity against NA. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight–tandem mass spectroscopy (MS/MS) and molecular docking techniques were used to identify the specific compounds responsible for the anti-influenza activity of the extract, and to explore the potential natural NAIs. The ethyl acetate extract of B. involucrata exhibited significant inhibitory activity against NA with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 159.5 μg/mL. Twenty compounds were identified according to the MS/MS spectra; among them two compounds (quercitrin and phloridzin) showed obvious inhibitory activity against NA, with IC50 of 311.76 and 347.32 μmol/L, respectively. This study suggested that B. involucrata can be a potential natural source of NAIs and may be useful in the fight against ferocious influenza viruses.  相似文献   
125.
Ganenkova  E. G.  Starkov  V. V. 《Mathematical Notes》2019,105(1-2):216-226

Differential inequalities for polynomials generalizing the well-known Smirnov, Rahman, Schmeisser, and Bernstein inequalities are obtained.

  相似文献   
126.
127.
The natural product lupeol 1 was isolated from aerial parts of Vernonia scorpioides with satisfactory yield, which made it viable to be used as starting material in semisynthetic approach. Ten lupeol derivatives 2–11 were prepared by classical procedures. Including, five new esters derivatives 7–11, which were obtained by structural modifications in the isopropylidene fragment. All semisynthetic compounds and lupeol 1–11 were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. Their antiprotozoal activity was evaluated in vitro against L. amazonensis and T. cruzi. Derivative 6 showed the best antitrypanosomal activity (IC50 = 12.48 μg/mL) and the lowest cytotoxic derivative (CC50 = 161.50 μg/mL). The mechanism of action of the most active derivatives (4, 6 and 11) is not dependent from the enzyme trypanothione reductase.  相似文献   
128.
The structure, chemical composition, and magnetic properties of electrochemically deposited nanocrystalline Co-Ni-Fe films were investigated using a number of techniques. A high saturation magnetic induction up to B s = 21 kG was attained. An enhancement of the saturation magnetization compared to the ideal anticipated one was revealed, which correlated with the nonlinear behavior of the structural phase composition and lattice parameters with the change of the composition. The text was submitted by the authors in English.  相似文献   
129.
Methods for phase stabilization of ammonium nitrate were sought for in order to considerably expand the application area of this oxidizing agent in various-purpose self-combustible formulations, including that in a new generation of gas-generating formulations for automobile air bags. New methods for stabilization of ammonium nitrate were studied and, in particular, a search was made for organic compounds that can stabilize ammonium nitrate even at their low content. The mechanism of phase state stabilization of ammonium nitrate by compounds of this kind was examined.  相似文献   
130.
In this study, stoichiometric protonation constants of L-tyrosine, L-cysteine, L-tryptophane, L-lysine, and L-histidine, and their methyl and ethyl esters in water and ethanol–water mixtures of 30, 50, and 70% ethanol (v/v), were determined potentiometrically using a combined pH electrode system calibrated as the concentration of hydrogen ion. Titrations were performed at 25C and the ionic strength of the medium was maintained at 0.10 mol⋅L−1 using sodium chloride. Protonation constants were calculated by using the BEST computer program. The effect of solvent composition on the protonation constants is discussed. The log10 K2 values of esters generally decreased with increasing ethanol content. However, the log10 K1 values of the esters of L-tyrosine, L-cysteine, and L-tryptophane were found to increase with increasing ethanol content in contrast those of L-lysine and L-histidine esters.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号