The cyclization of vicinal 1-amino-2-acylvinylated derivatives of aromatic amines

A general method for the synthesis of substituted fused polycyclic compounds containing a 4-alkylamino or 4-dialkylaminopyridine cycle has been proposed. The method includes the addition of primary or secondary amines to vicinal (acylethynyl)arylamines followed by the cyclization of the adducts under acidic or basic catalysis conditions. Various aminonaphthoquinolinediones and aminoquinolines have been prepared in high yields by this method.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1423–1429, August, 1993.     

Planetary Fourier spectrometer: An interferometer for atmospheric studies on board Mars 94 mission

Summary PFS is a two-channel Fourier spectrometer operating in the infra-red wavelengths between 1.25 and 45 μm. The instrument will be used mainly in the study of the Martian atmosphere. The principal goals are the measurements of the atmospheric temperature and pressure, atmospheric constituents, aerosol and clouds, ground pressure for surface topography, optical and thermophysics properties of the Martian soil. PFS will fly on the Mars 94 spacecraft which should be launched in 1994 and reach the planet in 1995. It is essentially constituted by two different interferometers located in the same box which is divided into two parts. A dichroic placed on the PFS entrance is used to separate the spectral range into two parts, a division needed by the different optical materials which have to be used in each spectral range. The optical layout of the experiment is very compact. Each channel uses two cubic mirrors mounted on an L-structure pivoted on a motor. The motor moves the mechanics and permits the optical-path difference between the arms to be varied. Each interformeter operates in a different spectral range, respectively, between (1.25÷4.8) μm (8000÷2083cm⁻¹) and (6÷45)μm (1666÷220)cm⁻¹). The spectral resolution is 2 cm⁻¹. The entrance aperture area is 30 cm² per channel and the field of view is 2 and 4 degrees. Every measurement lasts about 4 s. The time and, therefore, the relative optical-path difference for the measurement of every point of the interferogram is given by the zero crossings of the interferogram of a reference monochromatic channel at 1.2 μm which uses a laser diode as source. The two interferograms are double-sided and will have 16384 and 4096 points, respectively, corresponding to spectra of 6250 and 1823 useful points. Paper presented at the 6th Cosmic Physics National Conference, Palermo, 3–7 November 1992.     

Diastereoselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrones to 1<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-Pyrrole-2,3-diones. Synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-<Emphasis Type="Italic">d</Emphasis>]isoxazoles

1H-pyrrol-2,3-diones react with nitrones affording substituted pyrrolо[3,2-d]isoxazoles. The structures of ethyl (3R*,3aR*,6aR*)-6-benzyl-3-(4-bromophenyl)-4,5-dioxo-2,6a-diphenylhexahydro-3aHpyrrolo[ 3,2-d]isoxazole-3a-carboxylate and dimethyl (3R*,3aR*,6aS*)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-4,5-dioxo-2,6-diphenyltetrahydro-3aH-pyrrolo[3,2-d]isoxazole-3a,6a(4H)-dicarboxylate were proved by single-crystal X-ray analysis.     

Thermodynamic Properties of AgIn<Subscript>2</Subscript>Te<Subscript>3</Subscript>I and AgIn<Subscript>2</Subscript>Te<Subscript>3</Subscript>Br,Determined by EMF Method

Differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electromotive force (EMF) are used to triangulate Ag–In–Te–I(Br) systems in the vicinity of compounds AgIn₂Te₃I and AgIn₂Te₃Br. The three-dimensional position of the AgIn₂Te₃I–InTe–Ag₂Te–AgI and AgIn₂Te₃Br–InTe–Ag₃TeBr phase areas with respect to the figurative points of silver is used to create equations of potential-determining chemical reactions. The potential-determining reactions are conducted in (?)C|Ag|Ag₃GeS₃I(Br) glass|D|C(+) electrochemical cells (ECCs), where C stands for inert (graphite) electrodes, Ag and D are ECC electrodes (D denotes alloys of one-, three-, and four-phase areas), and Ag₃GeS₃I and Ag₃GeS₃Br glasses are membranes with purely ionic Ag⁺ conductivity. Linear parts of the temperature dependences of the cell EMFs are used to calculate the standard integral thermodynamic functions of saturated solid solutions based on AgIn₂Te₃I and AgIn₂Te₃Br, and the relative partial thermodynamic functions of silver in the stoichiometric quaternary compounds.     

Substituted 6-ethynyl-1.4-naphthoquinones

Conclusions Syntheses are reported for substituted 6-ethynyl-1,4-naphthoquinone by the condensation of 6-iodo-1,4-dimethoxynaphthalene or 6-iodo-1-naphthol with terminal acetylenes and subsequent oxidation using Ce(NH₅)₂(NO₃)₆ and ON(SO₃K)₂.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 485–488, February, 1988.     

Synthesis of aluminum oxides from the products of the rapid thermal decomposition of hydrargillite in a centrifugal flash reactor: II. Physicochemical properties of the products obtained by the centrifugal thermal activation of hydrargillite

A variety of physicochemical methods were used to characterize the product of the rapid thermal decomposition of hydrargillite in a centrifugal flash reactor under the following conditions: the average particle size of the reactant, 80–120 μm; the temperature of the solid heating surface (plate or cylinder), 300–700°C; hot-zone residence time, ～1 s; transfer of the product to the cooled zone of the reactor. The composition of the product and the extent of decomposition of hydrargillite were determined as a function of the processing temperature. The centrifugal thermal activation (CTA) of hydrargillite affords an X-ray-amorphous, highly reactive product with a developed surface and a disordered and inhomogeneous porous structure. This structure is capable of forming different modifications of aluminum hydroxide and oxide. The properties of the CTA product are compared with the properties of the earlier reported hydrargillite rapid decomposition products obtained using a gaseous heat-transfer agent (thermochemical activation product) or a fluidized bed of a granular heat-transfer agent (thermal dispersion product).     

Liquid-phase oxidation of propylene to propylene glycol acetates over Pd/C and Pt?Pd/C: Effect of platinum on catalyst activity and metal dispersity

Kinetics of oxidation of propylene to propylene glycol and its acetates in acetic acid solutions of lithium nitrate over Pd/C and Pd–Pt/C catalysts has been studied. Catalysts were investigated using X-ray phase analysis and electron microscopy. Platinum introduction into catalyst increases the metal dispersity and the catalyst stability but produces no effect on the nature of surface sites active in propylene oxidation.

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Pd/C Pd–Pt/C. . , , , .

     

Regulating aspects of biosoluble and insoluble film release systems containing protein proteinase inhibitor

New types of potent aprotinin-containing medicinal polymer films are elaborated for topical applications. The higher the temperature of drying, the lower the steam absorption, the film swelling, and the velocity of aprotinin in vitro release. The presence of antimicrobials having the basic functional groups contributed to compacting the structure of the films and retention of aprotinin in them. The velocity of aprotinin release from the films is regulated by adding different polymers. Inclusion of polyvinylpirrolidone in the film resulted in acceleration and increase of aprotinin release. This was probably because of increasing the film swelling by a factor of 1.7. Additional retention of the inhibitor in films was achieved by inclusion of sodium alginate and cellulose powder capable of binding aprotinin. Soluble bioadhesive films derived from a copolymer of acrylamide,N-vinyl-pirrolidone, ethyl acrylate (M _r 30,000-600,000) and aprotinin were obtained and analyzed. Kinetics of aprotinin release from biosoluble films was studied under various conditions. The duration of aprotinin release was comparable with duration of gradual dissolution of the matrix. Bioavailability of aprotinin from soluble films was linear with time.