Evaluation by using radionuclide uptake of bone in Paget's disease of bone: special reference to treatment with calcitonin

Bone scintigraphy using 99mTc-MDP was performed on 2 patients with Paget's disease of bone before and after the treatment with a synthetic eel calcitonin analogue [Asu1,7)-eel calcitonin, ECT] at a dose of 40 U per day. All pagetic lesions showed markedly the increased accumulation of the radionuclide. The uptake ratio, defined as the count rate of 99mTc-MDP over each bone lesion to that over the control bone, was calculated. The response to the calcitonin therapy was evaluated with the uptake ratio of the radionuclide. The uptake ratio decreased markedly within the first 3 months of the treatment, in association with a palliation of bone pain, while the serum alkaline phosphatase activities which had been within the normal range or slightly high before the treatment did not show any significant change or did not reflect a clinical feature (e.g. bone pain) with the treatment. Thus, the uptake ratio on the bone scintigram seemed to offer the most sensitive and most reliable information for the evaluation of calcitonin treatment of Paget's disease of bone.     

Bounds to the wave-vector dependent susceptibility of the ising model

It is shown that rigorous upper and lower bounds to the wave-vector dependent susceptibility of the Ising Model are obtained either when an upper bound to the spin pair correlation function and a lower bound to the susceptibility at zero wave-vector are given, or when a lower bound to the former and an upper bound to the latter are given. An example of the numerical computation of the bounds is presented for the Ising model on the sc lattice.     

Upper bounds to the susceptibility and the spin pair correlation function of the Ising ferromagnet

Improved upper bounds are presented to the susceptibility and the spin pair correlation function given in the Bethe approximation, for the Ising ferromagnet under zero external field above the critical temperature of the Bethe approximation.     

Variational principle for the distribution function of the effective field for the random Ising model in the Bethe approximation

We study the random Ising model in the pair approximation of the cluster variation method. We show that the distribution function of the effective field is determined either by a reducibility condition of the distribution function of two sites to that of one site or by a stationarity condition of the averaged free energy.     

Cubic phases of binary systems of 4'-n-tetradecyloxy-3'-nitrobiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (ANBC-14)-n-alkane

The phase behaviour of the binary systems 4'-ⁿ-tetradecyloxy-3'-nitrobiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (ANBC-14)-ⁿ-alkane (ⁿ-tetradecane or ⁿ-hexadecane) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The phase behaviour was a function of temperature (^T) and the effective carbon number of the system (^n*), where ^n* involves carbon atoms both from the alkoxy group of ANBC-14 and from the ⁿ-alkane added. ANBC-14 shows no cubic phase, but the addition of ⁿ-alkane induced cubic phases when ^n*≧c. 15. An interesting point is that the type of cubic phase is ^Ia3^d for 15^≦n*≦17, while an ^Im3^m type is formed for 18^≦n*≦20. Furthermore, for ^n* = 22, two types of cubic phase, one with ^Im3^m symmetry in the low temperature region and the other with ^Ia3^d in the high temperature region, were observed both on heating and cooling. The phase diagram with respect to ^T and ^n* is very similar to that of pure one-component ANBC-ⁿ, which is a function of ^T and the number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group ⁿ.     

Variational principle for regular and random Ising models on the cactus tree or on the usual lattice in the “cactus approximation”

The distribution functions and the free energy are expressed in terms of the effective fields for the regular and random Ising models of an arbitrary spin S on the generalized cactus tree. The same expressions apply to systems on the usual lattice in the “cactus approximation” in the cluster variation method. For an ensemble of random Ising models of an arbitrary spin S on the generalized cactus tree, the equation for the probability distribution function of the effective fields is set up and the averaged free energy is expressed in terms of the probability distribution. The same expressions apply to the system on the usual lattice in the “cactus approximation”. We discuss the quantities on the usual lattice when the system or the ensemble of random systems has the translational symmetry. Variational properties of the free energy for a system and of the averaged free energy for an ensemble of random systems are noted. The “cactus approximations” are applicable to the Heisenberg model as well as to the Ising model of an arbitrary spin, and to ensembles of random systems of these models.