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971.
We have investigated the effect of temperature on the postulated quasi-intramolecular acid-base reactions in aqueous solutions of Cu(NH3)4(MnO4)2 and Ag(NH3)2ClO4. Pure ammonium permanganate and perchlorate were obtained above 5 C and at room temperature, respectively, due to quasi-intramolecular acid-base reactions.  相似文献   
972.
973.
A capillary zone electrophoresis method is presented to separate sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, bromhexine and guaiacol by using a fused-silica capillary (60.2 cm x 75 microm I.D.). The separation was carried out at 30 kV and 25 degrees C in a 15 mM phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 6.2 as electrolyte. Under these conditions, the run time was 6 min and the limits of quantification were about 1 mg/l for every component. The method was applied to pharmaceutical preparations and the results provided recoveries close to 100%.  相似文献   
974.
Na(+)-montmorillonite type Wyoming, cloisite Na(+) from Southern Clay Products, Inc., was intercalated (i) with octadecylammonium cations and subsequently intercalated with octadecylamine molecules, (ii) with dodecylamine molecules, and (iii) with octylamine molecules to determine the applicability of these intercalates for nanocomposite materials on the base of polymer/clay. The structures were determined on the basis of a combination of results from X-ray diffraction and molecular simulations. The calculated values of basal spacings are in good agreement with experimental basal spacings when experimental samples were prepared. The interlayer space of intercalated montmorillonite shows a monolayer or bilayer arrangement of alkyl chains in dependence on the concentration of the intercalation solution. The values of the total sublimation energy, interaction energy, and exfoliation energy were calculated for all investigated samples. Low values of exfoliation energies lead to better exfoliation of intercalated silicate layers and this material appears suitable for use as a precursor for polymer/clay nanocomposites. The values of exfoliation energy for the investigated samples show that montmorillonite intercalated with dodecylamine or octadecylamine molecules is suitable for exfoliation of silicate layers.  相似文献   
975.
The microsolvation of the suberate dianion, -O2C(CH2)6CO2-, with two separate charge centers was studied by photoelectron spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation one solvent molecule at a time for up to 20 waters. It is shown that the two negative charges are solvated in the linear suberate alternately. As the solvent number increases, the negative charges are screened and a conformation change occurs at 16 waters, where the cooperative hydrogen bonding of water is large enough to overcome the Coulomb repulsion and pull the two negative charges closer through a water bridge. This conformation change, revealed both from the experiment and from the simulation, is a manifestation of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic forces at the molecular level.  相似文献   
976.
The solubility of europium at 0.02M, 0.1M and 0.7M NaClO4 ionic strength solutions was determined by a radiometric method and pEus-pCH diagrams were obtained. Hydrolysis constants were also determined at the same ionic strengths by pH titration and the values found were log *1 = -7.68±0.11, -8.07±0.10 and -8.20±0.11. The log K sp values were -23.5±0.2, -22.7±0.2 and -21.9±0.2 for 0.02M, 0.1M and 0.7M NaClO4 ionic strengths, respectively, at 303 K under CO2-free conditions and the extrapolated value at zero ionic strength was log K sp 0 = -24.15. The working pCH ranges for the calculation of the hydrolysis constants were selected from the pEus-pCH diagrams in the region where precipitation of europium oxide or hydroxide was less than 20%. Europium removal from aqueous solutions with zeolites was explored.  相似文献   
977.
978.
We discuss electron-transfer processes that govern the physics of several materials or systems of interest for advanced applications. The discussion touches upon several topics, ranging from solvatochromism to solvent-induced symmetry breaking, from excitonic to cooperative effects in molecular crystals, from phase transitions to vibrational contributions to the dielectric constant in organic materials, from spectroscopy to molecular transport. In all these diverse systems electron transfer (ET) plays a major role and is discussed with reference to simple models for delocalized charges.  相似文献   
979.
Due to the toxic and carcinogenic properties of hexavalent chromium ion, the corrosion protection with chromating technique needs replacement. Several environmentally friendly alternative metal pretreatments have already been proposed. One of these methods is the application of self-assembling molecules to form mono- or multilayers on the metal surfaces. These layers can prevent metal dissolution due to their dense and stable structure. The objective of our studies was to protect zinc surface against corrosion, with a thin phosphonate layer. Aqueous solutions of diphosphonic acid with different alkyl chain lengths were applied with different treatment times. The layer formation, stability, and corrosion protection of these films were monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the effect of 1,5-diphosphono-pentane (DPP) on zinc was studied by polarization curves. The wetting properties were determined by static contact angle measurement. 1,5-Diphosphono-pentane forms a thin layer, with a pronounced protective ability in neutral aqueous solutions. The application of self-assembling molecules can be a promising method to replace the chromating technique on zinc surface.  相似文献   
980.
Lexa J  Stulík K 《Talanta》1985,32(11):1027-1033
Mercury film electrodes have been prepared on silver metal and silver-coated glassy-carbon supports and have been modified by a film of tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) in a poly(vinyl chloride) matrix. The electrodes have been characterized in detail and the effects of the modifying film parameters on their electrochemical properties have been studied. It has been shown that these electrodes permit selective and sensitive determinations of many metals. The most important parameters are the thickness of the modifying film, the modifier-to-matrix ratio in the modifying film and the base electrolyte composition. Data concerning the reactions of a number of metal ions on the modified electrode are given.  相似文献   
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