四溴邻苯二甲酸双酯的固—液相转移催化合成

使用固－液相转移催化法合成了１８种标题化合物，产率最高达９３．４％，部分化合物结构由ＩＲ，＾１ＨＮＭＲ及元素分析鉴定。使用氧指数，塑化效率、拉伸伸长率及差势分析研究基阻燃、增塑性能及热稳定性。     

叶蜡石高温高压相变的荧光光谱研究

 对合成金刚石过程中，叶蜡石经高温高压淬火后的不同部位进行了研究。发现叶蜡石的两条荧光线14 428 cm^-1和14 398 cm^-1在高温和高压作用下均发生蓝移，温度压力共同作用比温度压力分别作用时两峰的蓝移明显减小。通过合成金刚石的温度、压力条件的共同作用，仅在靠近合成样品位置的叶蜡石发生了相变。本文认为造成蓝移的原因是温度压力的作用使电子能级或成键电子能级发生改变。     

Majorana modes at the ends of superconductor vortices in doped topological insulators

Recent experiments have observed bulk superconductivity in doped topological insulators. Here we ask whether vortex Majorana zero modes, previously predicted to occur when s-wave superconductivity is induced on the surface of topological insulators, survive in these doped systems with metallic normal states. Assuming inversion symmetry, we find that they do but only below a critical doping. The critical doping is tied to a topological phase transition of the vortex line, at which it supports gapless excitations along its length. The critical point depends only on the vortex orientation and a suitably defined SU(2) Berry phase of the normal state Fermi surface. By calculating this phase for available band structures we determine that superconducting p-doped Bi(2)Te(3), among others, supports vortex end Majorana modes. Surprisingly, superconductors derived from topologically trivial band structures can support Majorana modes too.     

Sub-diffraction-limit imaging based on the topographic contrast of differential confocal microscopy

Using the nanometer depth sensitivity of differential confocal microscopy, we detect surface features of lateral dimensions smaller than the diffraction limit without fluorescence labeling. The lateral resolution of the topographic images is further enhanced by a maximum-likelihood estimation algorithm. Based on the comparison of signal and noise at high spatial frequency, we estimate the best lateral resolution of the enhanced images to be 0.15 lambda. In addition, on composite samples this technique can simultaneously display sub-diffraction-limit topographic features and reflectivity heterogeneity.     

A two-stage intelligent search algorithm for the two-dimensional strip packing problem

This paper presents a two-stage intelligent search algorithm for a two-dimensional strip packing problem without guillotine constraint. In the first stage, a heuristic algorithm is proposed, which is based on a simple scoring rule that selects one rectangle from all rectangles to be packed, for a given space. In the second stage, a local search and a simulated annealing algorithm are combined to improve solutions of the problem. In particular, a multi-start strategy is designed to enhance the search capability of the simulated annealing algorithm. Extensive computational experiments on a wide range of benchmark problems from zero-waste to non-zero-waste instances are implemented. Computational results obtained in less than 60 seconds of computation time show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the supposedly excellent algorithms reported recently, on average. It performs particularly better for large instances.     

Activity reduction of radioactive mixed wastes for subsequent carboxylate determinations

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) based on a nuclear reactor and proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) based on a 2 Me V Van de Graaff accelerator were used to analyse different environmental samples including coal, sawdust, fly ash and landfill materials. These samples represent a large component of the solid waste being buried in the ground, and may be a potential source of toxicity which can have not only adverse effects on the soil and ground water, if diffused during leaching processes, but may also be transferred to humans through the food chain. Both techniques were employed to determine trace element concentrations in these matrices. The concentration of 30 elements were detemined, namely Na, Mg. Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Cd, Ba, La, Sm, Eu, Tb, Ho, Yb, Hf, Ta and Th. The detection limits in the various sample matrices were calculated and a comparison was made for those elements commonly detected by both techniques.     

The structure of the normalisers of the congruence subgroups of the Hecke group G5

Let = 2cos (/5) and let []. Denote the normaliser ofG₀() of the Hecke group G₅ in PSL₂() by N(G₀()). Then N(G₀())= G₀(/h), where h is the largest divisor of 4 such that h² divides. Further, N(G₀())/G₀() is either 1 (if h = 1), ₂ x ₂ (if h= 2) or ₄ x ₄ (if h = 4).