Electrochemical Studies on Effects of Psychostimulants,Opioids and Alcohol Intake Towards Level of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Brain Striatum

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was the main types of many peroxides produced in living mammalian cells that consumed oxygen. In the brain, the main source of H₂O₂ was the superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐catalyzed reaction in mitochondria. However, the level of H₂O₂ would be elevated through administration of control drugs and alcohol by dopamine metabolism of monoamine oxidase. In this study, a H₂O₂ microsensor was used to investigate the level of H₂O₂ in the brain striatum after administration of methamphetamine (MAP), morphine (MrP) or ethanol (Eth). The placement of microsensor in the brain was done at coordinates A/P 1.1 from bregma, M/L+2.6 and D/V‐1.5. A working potential of +0.05 V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied. The H₂O₂ concentration was measured direct from the current generated by its catalytic reaction at the electro active surface of the electrode. A significant increase of H₂O₂ level was observed after 7 successive injections of the controlled drugs or alcohol. The initial measurement of H₂O₂ is essential as excess dosage of H₂O₂ during treatment will contribute to the formation of neurotoxin oxygenated radicals. The H₂O₂ was the precursor of O_2? and OH radicals. Thus, this study provided a mean to monitor H₂O₂ level in the brain.     

Spectroscopic study of sulforhodamine 640-doped sol-gel silica

The sol-gel process is a technique which provides a low-temperature route for the preparation of organic dye-doped porous silica glass. Extended UV transmission was observed for HCl-catalysed sol-gel silica. Properties of a solute may differ greatly between a free solution and that solution confined in pores of a sol-gel glass. Absorption and fluorescence properties of sulforhodamine 640-doped silica samples prepared by sol-gel process were investigated. In the TEOS-derived gel, the emission of the dye does not shift during aging but exhibits a large change during drying. The emission maximum of sulforhodamine 640 blue shifts was discussed as a function of increasing rigidity of the surrounding matrix.     

Acoustic attenuation in ferroelectric Sn<Subscript>2</Subscript>P<Subscript>2</Subscript>S<Subscript>6</Subscript> crystals

The temperature and frequency dependencies of sound attenuation for the proper uniaxial ferroelectric Sn₂P₂S₆, which has a strong nonlinear interaction of the polar soft optic and fully symmetrical optic modes that is related to the triple well potential, were studied by Brillouin spectroscopy. It was found that the sound velocity anomaly is described in the Landau-Khalatnikov approximation with one relaxation time. For explanation of the observed temperature and frequency dependencies of the sound attenuation in the ferroelectrric phase, the accounting of several relaxation times is needed and, for quantitative calculations, the mode Gruneisen coefficients are more appropriate as interacting parameters than are the electrostrictive coefficients. Relaxational sound attenuation by domain walls also appears in the ferroelectric phase of Sn₂P₂S₆ crystals.     

Anisotropic Bianchi type V perfect fluid cosmological models in Lyra’s geometry

The law of variation for mean Hubble’s parameter with average scale factor, in an anisotropic Bianchi type V cosmological space–time, is discussed within the frame work of Lyra’s manifold. The variation of Hubble’s parameter, which gives a constant value of deceleration parameter, generates two types of solutions for the average scale factor; one is the power-law and the other one is of exponential form. Using these two forms, new classes of exact solutions of the field equations have been found for a Bianchi type V space–time filled with perfect fluid in Lyra’s geometry by considering a time-dependent displacement field. The physical and kinematical behaviors of the singular and non-singular models of the universe are examined. Exact expressions for look-back time, luminosity distance and event horizon versus redshift are also derived and their significance are discussed in detail. It has been observed that the solutions are compatible with the results of recent observations.     

A Solution of Weyl-Lanczos Equations for Arbitrary Petrov Type D Vacuum Spacetimes

A Lanczos potential for an arbitrary Petrov type D vacuum spacetimes, using the compacted spin coefficient formalism (or GHP-formalism), has been obtained; which in turn leads to a solution of Weyl-Lanczos equations.     

Certain Integral Transforms of Generalized k-Bessel Function

The objective of this note is to provide some(potentially useful) integral transforms(for example, Euler, Laplace, Whittaker etc.) associated with the generalized k-Bessel function defined by Saiful and Nisar [3]. We have also discussed some other transforms as special cases of our main results.     

Time-indexed formulations for scheduling chains on a single machine: An application to airborne radars

Airborne radars are widely used to perform a large variety of tasks in an aircraft (searching, tracking, identifying targets, etc.) Such tasks play a crucial role for the aircraft and they are repeated in a “more or less” cyclic fashion. This defines a scheduling problem that impacts a lot on the quality of the radar output and on the overall safety of the aircraft.     

Development of New Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization System by Iron (III)‐Metal Salts Without Using any External Initiator and Reducing Agent

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) catalyzed by high oxidation state metal salts of FeX₃ is developed for the first time in the absence of both external initiator and reducing agent. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene are polymerized successfully using FeX₃/Phosphorous ligands with well‐controlled molecular weight distributions (=1.5). The molecular weight of the polymers increases with monomer consumption with the progress of time and the polymerization behaviors show a decent ATRP trend. Activators and initiators are suggested to generate in situ by the addition reaction of MMA and one equivalent of FeX₃. The PMMA synthesized from without‐initiator system is characterized by ¹H, ¹³C and DEPT (distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer nuclear magnetic resonance) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chain extension and copolymerization experiments prove the livingness of the obtained polymer.