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991.
Sagir Mustapha Mustapha Mohammed Ahmad Khusairi Azemi Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau Aishatu Shehu Lukman Mustapha Ibrahim Muazzamu Aliyu Rabiu Nuhu Danraka Abdulbasit Amin Auwal Adam Bala Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool Mohd Rais Mustafa Siti Safiah Mokhtar 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(14)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a multifunctional role in lipid biosynthesis, calcium storage, protein folding, and processing. Thus, maintaining ER homeostasis is essential for cellular functions. Several pathophysiological conditions and pharmacological agents are known to disrupt ER homeostasis, thereby, causing ER stress. The cells react to ER stress by initiating an adaptive signaling process called the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, the ER initiates death signaling pathways when ER stress persists. ER stress is linked to several diseases, such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Thus, its regulation can provide possible therapeutic targets for these. Current evidence suggests that chronic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia linked to type II diabetes disrupt ER homeostasis, thereby, resulting in irreversible UPR activation and cell death. Despite progress in understanding the pathophysiology of the UPR and ER stress, to date, the mechanisms of ER stress in relation to type II diabetes remain unclear. This review provides up-to-date information regarding the UPR, ER stress mechanisms, insulin dysfunction, oxidative stress, and the therapeutic potential of targeting specific ER stress pathways. 相似文献
992.
Chemical Composition and Acetylcholinesterase Activity of the Essential Oil of Anisophyllea disticha
Salleh Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Khamis Shamsul Rahman Muhammad Nurakmal Abdul Nafiah Mohd Azlan 《Chemistry of Natural Compounds》2021,57(2):371-373
Chemistry of Natural Compounds - 相似文献
993.
Aziman Eli Syafiqah Ismail Aznan Fazli Jubri Siti Fatimah Rahmat Muhammad Abdullah Idris Wan Mohd Razi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2021,330(3):667-683
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Comprehensive radiological survey and evaluation of heavy metal contamination were conducted in Chini Lake, which has been awarded a pristine... 相似文献
994.
Spectrophotometric kinetic technique has been used to investigate the effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and
sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactants on the redox reaction of cerium(IV)+l-sorbose in aqueous sulfuric acid media. The anionic SDS has no effect, whereas the reaction rate increases in the presence
of cationic CTAB, which is due to favorable conditions provide by the cationic micelles. The reaction rate decreases with
[H2SO4], and no acid-dependent path has been observed. At constant [H2SO4], the rate of the reaction is dependent on the first powers of the l-sorbose and cerium(IV) concentrations. The CTAB-assisted reaction is retarded by addition of electrolytes (Na2SO4, NaNO3, and NaCl), which is attributed to the competition between electrolyte anions and cerium(IV)-sulfato species. Bromide ion
(of CTAB or externally added in the form of NaBr) is not oxidized by the cerium(IV) (as a main or side reaction). 相似文献
995.
Mohd Yusoff SF Gilroy JB Cambridge G Winnik MA Manners I 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(29):11220-11230
Cylindrical block copolymer micelles with a crystalline poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (PFDMS) core and a long corona-forming block are known to elongate through an epitaxial growth mechanism on addition of further PFDMS block copolymer unimers. We now report that addition of the semicrystalline homopolymer PFDMS(28) to monodisperse short (ca. 200 nm), cylindrical seed micelles of PFDMS block copolymers results in the formation of aggregated structures by end-to-end coupling to form micelle networks. The resulting aggregates were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In some cases, a core-thickening effect was also observed where the added homopolymer appeared to deposit and crystallize at the core-corona interface, which resulted in an increase of the width of the micelles within the networks. No evidence for aggregation was detected when the amorphous homopolymer poly(ferrocenylethylmethylsilane) (PFEMS(25)) was added to the cylindrical seed micelles whereas similar behavior to PFDMS(28) was noted for semicrystalline polyferrocenyldimethylgermane (PFDMG(30)). This suggested that the crystallinity of the added homopolymer is critical for subsequent end-to-end coupling and network formation to occur. We also explored the tendency of the cylindrical seed micelles to form aggregates by the addition of PI-b-PFDMS (PI = polyisoprene) block copolymers (block ratios 6:1, 3.8:1, 2:1, or 1:1), and striking differences were noted. The results ranged from typical micelle elongation, as reported in previous work, at high corona to core-forming block ratios (PI-b-PFDMS; 6:1) to predominantly end-to-end coupling at lower ratios (PI-b-PFDMS; 2:1, 1:1) to form long, essentially linear structures. The latter process, especially for the 2:1 block copolymer, led to much more controlled aggregate formation compared with that observed on addition of homopolymers. 相似文献
996.
A group G is said to be capable if it is isomorphic to the central factor group H/Z(H) for some group H. Let G be a nonabelian group of order p
2
q for distinct primes p and q. In this paper, we compute the nonabelian tensor square of the group G. It is also shown that G is capable if and only if either Z(G) = 1 or p < q and
Gab=\mathbbZp×\mathbbZp{G^{\rm ab}=\mathbb{Z}_{p}\times\mathbb{Z}_{p}} . 相似文献
997.
We study the problem of maximizing constrained non-monotone submodular functions and provide approximation algorithms that improve existing algorithms in terms of either the approximation factor or simplicity. Different constraints that we study are exact cardinality and multiple knapsack constraints for which we achieve (0.25−?)-factor algorithms.We also show, as our main contribution, how to use the continuous greedy process for non-monotone functions and, as a result, obtain a 0.13-factor approximation algorithm for maximization over any solvable down-monotone polytope. 相似文献
998.
Anoop Kelkar Amrit Prakash Mohd. Afzal J. P. Panakkal H. S. Kamath 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,287(2):595-601
A single-column ion chromatography (SCIC) for the simultaneous determination of alkali, alkaline earth and transition metal
elements in UO2, ThO2 powders and sintered (Th, U) O2 pellet is described in this paper. Metrosep cation 1-2 analytical column containing poly butadiene-maleic acid (PBDMA) coated
silica has been applied to the ion chromatographic separation of 12 cations (copper, lithium, sodium, ammonium, nickel, potassium,
zinc, cobalt, manganese, magnesium, calcium and strontium) using an isocratic elution with tartaric acid and oxalic acid as
mobile phase with non-suppressed conductivity detection. Mobile phase composition was optimized to 1 mM tartaric acid and
0.75 mM oxalic acid for the baseline separation of 12 cations. The calibration plots were linear in the range of 0.05–40 mg L−1 with regression coefficients better than 0.998. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the retention time, peak area
and peak height were less than 1, 2.8 and 3.0%, respectively. The recoveries of the spiked samples for the cations were 94–110%.
The method developed was validated by comparison with certified standards of UO2 and ThO2 powders. 相似文献
999.
Muhammad Imran Khan Zafar Iqbal Lateef Ahmad Yasar Shah Shabnam Nazir Abbas Khan Fazli Nasir 《Chromatographia》2011,73(9-10):929-939
A highly sensitive, precise, and accurate reversed-phase high-performance liquid-chromatography/electrochemical detection method for simultaneous determination of the endogenous free ??-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid in biological matrices was developed and validated. The two analytes were extracted from the samples with acetonitrile/10% metaphosphoric acid solution(aqueous) (50/50 v/v). To determine the total lipoic acid, samples were treated with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine solution in phosphate buffer, pH 2.5 with 85% orthophosphoric acid prior to deproteination. The two analytes were separated on a C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 ??m) analytical column using acetonitrile-50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 2.5 with 85% orthophosphoric acid (35/65 v/v) as the isocratic mobile phase pumped at a flow rate of 2.0 mL min?1 at the column oven temperature of 35 °C. The column eluents were monitored at a potential of 0.9 V. These analytes were efficiently resolved in <7 min. The present method was sufficiently robust and specific for simultaneous determination of the two analytes and demonstrated acceptable values for linearity (r 2 = 0.999 in the range of 0.1?C500 and 0.25?C1,000 ng mL?1 for ??-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid, respectively), recovery (>97%), precision (RSD% <2), and sensitivity (on column limit of detection, 150 and 375 fg for ??-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid, respectively and limit of quantification: 0.5 and 1.25 pg for ??-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid, respectively), indicating that the proposed method was more sensitive, precise, economical, and versatile, and has higher throughput than the previously reported methods for simultaneous determination of the two analytes. 相似文献
1000.
Thermal reactions of guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) and syringol (2,6-dimethoxyphenol) were compared in a closed ampoule reactor (N2/400-600 °C/40-600 s) to obtain information on the thermal reactivities of lignin aromatic nuclei, guaiacyl and syringyl types. For both compounds, the O-CH3 bond homolysis, which was observed at >400 °C, initiated their decomposition. This homolysis was followed by several temperature-dependent reactions; radical-induced rearrangement to convert the aromatic OCH3 to aromatic CH3 structures and condensation into high molecular weight (MW) products were the next steps (≈400 °C); then, coke formation became extensive (≈450 °C); effective gas formation required higher temperature such as >550-600 °C. The syringol- and guaiacol-characteristic GC/MS-detectable low MW products were explained with the above mentioned reactions. As for the difference between guaiacol and syringol, coke and gas (especially CH4 and CO2) formation was more extensive in syringol. This effective coking can be explained by the influence of the additional OCH3 group in syringol, which doubles the opportunity for coke formation. This, in turn, reduces the yields of GC/MS-detectable low MW products. Demethoxylation to form guaiacol was also observed in syringol, even though the reactivity was not so high. These reactions are discussed at the molecular level. 相似文献