Solubility Optimization of Loxoprofen as a Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug: Statistical Modeling and Optimization

Industrial-based application of supercritical CO₂ (SCCO₂) has emerged as a promising technology in numerous scientific fields due to offering brilliant advantages, such as simplicity of application, eco-friendliness, and high performance. Loxoprofen sodium (chemical formula C₁₅H₁₈O₃) is known as an efficient nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which has been long propounded as an effective alleviator for various painful disorders like musculoskeletal conditions. Although experimental research plays an important role in obtaining drug solubility in SCCO₂, the emergence of operational disadvantages such as high cost and long-time process duration has motivated the researchers to develop mathematical models based on artificial intelligence (AI) to predict this important parameter. Three distinct models have been used on the data in this work, all of which were based on decision trees: K-nearest neighbors (KNN), NU support vector machine (NU-SVR), and Gaussian process regression (GPR). The data set has two input characteristics, P (pressure) and T (temperature), and a single output, Y = solubility. After implementing and fine-tuning to the hyperparameters of these ensemble models, their performance has been evaluated using a variety of measures. The R-squared scores of all three models are greater than 0.9, however, the RMSE error rates are 1.879 × 10⁻⁴, 7.814 × 10⁻⁵, and 1.664 × 10⁻⁴ for the KNN, NU-SVR, and GPR models, respectively. MAE metrics of 1.116 × 10⁻⁴, 6.197 × 10⁻⁵, and 8.777 × 10⁻⁵errors were also discovered for the KNN, NU-SVR, and GPR models, respectively. A study was also carried out to determine the best quantity of solubility, which can be referred to as the (x₁ = 40.0, x₂ = 338.0, Y = 1.27 × 10⁻³) vector.     

Development,In-Vitro Characterization and Preclinical Evaluation of Esomeprazole-Encapsulated Proniosomal Formulation for the Enhancement of Anti-Ulcer Activity

Objective: The present study aimed to develop and optimize esomeprazole loaded proniosomes (EZL-PNs) to improve bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Method: EZL-PNs formulation was developed by slurry method and optimized by 33 box-Bhekhen statistical design software. Span 60 (surfactant), cholesterol, EZL concentration were taken as independent variables and their effects were evaluated on vesicle size (nm), entrapment efficiency (%, EE) and drug release (%, DR). Furthermore, optimized EZL-PNs (EZL-PNs-opt) formulation was evaluated for ex vivo permeation, pharmacokinetic and ulcer protection activity. Result: The EZL-PNs-opt formulation showed 616 ± 13.21 nm of vesicle size, and 81.21 ± 2.35% of EE. EZL-PNs-opt exhibited negative zeta potential and spherical confirmed scanning electron microscopy. EZL-PNs-opt showed sustained release of EZL (95.07 ± 2.10% in 12 h) than pure EZL dispersion. The ex-vivo gut permeation result exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced flux than pure EZL. The in vivo results revealed 4.02-fold enhancement in bioavailability and 61.65% protection in ulcer than pure EZL dispersion (43.82%). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that EZL-PNs formulation could be an alternative delivery system of EZL to enhance oral bioavailability and antiulcer activity.     

Preparation and Photocatalytic Performance of TiO2 Nanowire-Based Self-Supported Hybrid Membranes

Nowadays, the use of hybrid structures and multi-component materials is gaining ground in the fields of environmental protection, water treatment and removal of organic pollutants. This study describes promising, cheap and photoactive self-supported hybrid membranes as a possible solution for wastewater treatment applications. In the course of this research work, the photocatalytic performance of titania nanowire (TiO₂ NW)-based hybrid membranes in the adsorption and degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation was investigated. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) were used to study the morphology and surface of the as-prepared hybrid membranes. We tested the photocatalytic efficiency of the as-prepared membranes in decomposing methylene blue (MB) under UV light irradiation. The hybrid membranes achieved the removal of MB with a degradation efficiency of 90% in 60 min. The high efficiency can be attributed to the presence of binary components in the membrane that enhanced both the adsorption capability and the photocatalytic ability of the membranes. The results obtained suggest that multicomponent hybrid membranes could be promising candidates for future photocatalysis-based water treatment technologies that also take into account the principles of circular economy.     

Open Chain Chiral Macrolide Building Blocks by Opening of Deoxygenated 1,6-Anhydrosugars with 1,3-Propanedithiol

Chiral building blocks for macrolides and related natural products are obtained from 1,6-anhydrosugars by conversion of the bicyclic acetals 2 or 12 into the open chain chiral 1,3-dithianes 6 and 13. Branched precursors can be obtained by opening of the ?erný epoxide 1 with the 1,3-dithiane anion to yield 7, followed by ring opening with 1,3-propanedithiol to the bis-1,3-dithiane 8.     

Characterization of Trimmed NURBS Surface Boundaries Using Topological Criteria

This paper presents an approach based on topology for the determination of characteristics and properties of curves used in the trimming of NURBS surfaces. Through discrete subdivision and topological criteria, a method is presented to determine characteristics of the boundary; such as whether the set of trimming curves forms a set of closed loops, whether trimming curves contain singularities or self intersections, and whether the boundary is simply connected. A surface mesh partitionning the parameter space is used, formed of isoparametric lines in both parametric directions. Topological properties of the cells of this mesh and their intersections with the trimming curves allow to localize the boundary. Topological treatment of this localization allows to define the interior and exterior of the face, and to refine the boundary localization. Singularities and self intersections of the boundary as well as voids in the face are investigated through the study of topological properties of neighbors. As an application, an algorithm for point localization is presented that very rapidly allows to determine whether a given point in parameter space lies inside, on the boundary or outside of the trimmed surface.     

Approximation diophantienne sur les courbes elliptiques à multiplication complexe

Let $\text{E}$ be an elliptic curve with complex multiplication, defined over $\text{Q}$. We consider linear forms on $\text{Lie}\text{(}\text{E}{}^{\mathrm{n}}\text{)}$ with coefficients in the CM field of $\text{E}$. Within this framework, we present a new measure of linear independence for elliptic logarithms in (logb)(loga)ⁿ. Like recent advances in this domain (works by Ably, David, Hirata-Kohno), our result is best possible in terms of the height of the linear forms (logb) while providing a better estimate in the height of algebraic points considered (loga), removing a term in logloga. To cite this article: M. Ably, É. Gaudron, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 337 (2003).     

Injection locked multi-section gain-coupled dual mode DFB laser for terahertz generation

A dual mode multi-section gain-coupled distributed feedback laser with tunable mode spacing is subharmonically injection locked at 0.315 THz. The injected signal consists of an optical comb with harmonics 35 GHz apart and a bandwidth of approximately 1.9 THz. The optical comb is a result of strong four-wave mixing in a highly-nonlinear dispersion-shifted fiber. In order to observe locking of the multi-section laser, the output is optically downconverted to RF frequencies using the same optical comb. The locked multi-section DFB laser is a coherent and tunable optical source suitable for continuous-wave terahertz generation systems.     

Millimeter-wave enabled PAM-4 data transmission over hybrid FSO-MMPOF link for access networks

Optical Review - In this paper, we propose a full duplex architecture based on a hybrid link composed of free space optics (FSO) and multimode plastic optical fiber (MMPOF) for short-range wireless...     

Spectral Studies On Some 2-Quinolones

Spectral properties of some 2-Quinolones were investigate-ed. IR and ¹H NMR were applied to characterize the ligands. The hydrogen bond property is of important parameter for controlling the behaviour of the compounds. The N[sbnd]H, O[sbnd]H, C[dbnd]O, C[sbnd]H, and C[sbnd]N fundamental functional groups are characterized. The electronic transitions are assigned. The data are explained on the basis of molecular structure and substituents effects. The acid-base equilibria and the phenomena of tautomerism for these compounds are explained and discussed. The acid exponents (pK_OH, and pK_NH) are evaluated.     

Photoconductivity derived from an exact modelling of the uncompensated one-donor model. III—problem of fitting the exact model with approximate models

Abstract

The paper is essentially devoted to a quantitative comparison of the exact (1D) model developed in Part I, with two approximate models indicated by Kittel (1D_a1) and by Van der Ziel (1D_a2). And this is made for identical values of their common parameters. This allows to show that models 1D and 1D_a1 generally present no suitable intervals for fitting. The model of Van der Ziel is more suited, for, a good fitting with the 1D model can be obtained, for relatively reduced G values, and for temperatures bounded upward by the characteristic temperature T ₀ defined previously. The role played by the sub-models, obtained after simplifying the 1D_ai model equations, is studied also.