全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2499篇 |
免费 | 81篇 |
国内免费 | 22篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1832篇 |
晶体学 | 13篇 |
力学 | 86篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
数学 | 351篇 |
物理学 | 319篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 15篇 |
2023年 | 36篇 |
2022年 | 282篇 |
2021年 | 190篇 |
2020年 | 108篇 |
2019年 | 94篇 |
2018年 | 88篇 |
2017年 | 76篇 |
2016年 | 125篇 |
2015年 | 74篇 |
2014年 | 80篇 |
2013年 | 197篇 |
2012年 | 134篇 |
2011年 | 148篇 |
2010年 | 90篇 |
2009年 | 81篇 |
2008年 | 104篇 |
2007年 | 96篇 |
2006年 | 77篇 |
2005年 | 80篇 |
2004年 | 60篇 |
2003年 | 60篇 |
2002年 | 42篇 |
2001年 | 26篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 17篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2602条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Mohammed Taghi Zafarani-Moattar Shokat Sarmad 《The Journal of chemical thermodynamics》2010,42(10):1213-1221
Density, sound velocity, and viscosity of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [Emim][Br], in aqueous solutions of tri-potassium phosphate with salt weight fractions (ws = 0.00, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) have been measured as a function of concentration of [Emim][Br] at atmospheric pressure and T = (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15) K. The apparent molar volume, isentropic compressibility, apparent isentropic compressibility, and relative viscosity values have been evaluated from the experimental data. The partial molar volume and isentropic compressibility at infinite dilution, and viscosity B-coefficient obtained from these data have been used to calculate the corresponding transfer parameters for the studied IL from water to the aqueous tri-potassium phosphate solutions. Also, an empirical equation was satisfactorily used to correlate the experimental viscosity data. 相似文献
102.
Anina Wöhl Dr. Wolfgang Müller Dr. Stephan Peitz Normen Peulecke Dr. Bhaskar R. Aluri Dr. Bernd H. Müller Dr. Detlef Heller Dr. Uwe Rosenthal Prof. Dr. Mohammed H. Al‐Hazmi Dr. Fuad M. Mosa 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2010,16(26):7833-7842
In this paper we report the results of an extensive experimental kinetic study carried out on the novel ethylene trimerization catalyst system, comprising the chromium source [CrCl3(thf)3] (thf=tetrahydrofuran), a Ph2P‐N(iPr)‐P(Ph)‐N(iPr)H (PNPNH) ligand (Ph=phenyl, iPr=isopropyl), and triethylaluminum (AlEt3) as activator. It could be shown that the initial activity shows a first‐order dependency on the ethylene concentration. Also, a first‐order dependency was found for the catalyst concentration. The initial activity follows a typical Arrhenius behavior with an experimentally determined activation energy of 52.6 kJ mol?1. At elevated temperatures (ca. 80 °C), a significant deactivation was observed, which can be tentatively traced back to a ligand rearrangement in the presence of AlEt3. After a fast initial phase, a pronounced ‘kink’ in the ethylene‐uptake curve is observed, followed by a slow, almost linear, further increase of the total ethylene consumption. The catalyst composition, in particular the ligand/chromium and the cocatalyst/chromium molar ratio, has a strong impact on the catalytic performance of the trimerization of ethylene. 相似文献
103.
Said A. S. Ghozlan Fathy M. Abdelrazek Mona H. Mohammed Khaled E. Azmy 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2014,51(4):1179-1184
The newly synthesized ethyl 3‐amino‐5‐phenylpyrazole‐4‐carboxylate 1 was diazotized and coupled with β‐naphthol, active methylene reagents 6 , 9 , 12 , 15 , and the active methine 19 to afford the pyrazolo[5,1‐c]triazines 5 , 8 , 11 , 14 , 17 , 18 , and the pyrazolo[5,1‐ c ]‐1,2,4‐triazoles 21 , 22 , and 23 , respectively. Structures are elucidated and mechanisms are discussed. 相似文献
104.
Abdel-Ghani Boudjahem Tahar Mokrane Affef Redjel Mohammed M. Bettahar 《Comptes Rendus Chimie》2010,13(12):1433-1439
Palladium catalysts (1–10 wt.% Pd) supported on silica were prepared by hydrazine reduction of palladium chloride at room temperature. They were characterized by XRD, TEM, EDX, H2-adsorption, and H2-TPD and tested in the gas phase hydrogenation of benzene in the temperature range 75–250 °C. A conventional catalyst (1 wt.% Pd) obtained by calcination then hydrogen reduction of the same metal precursor was studied for comparison. Metal particles with a size range 6.8–28.4 nm were obtained. Dispersion, hydrogen storage and activity in benzene hydrogenation increased with decreasing particle size. In comparison, the classical catalyst was found much more dispersed (mean particle size of 1.6 nm) and more active (specific rate 1.6–3.7 times higher) than the homolog hydrazine catalyst. However, unexpectedly, turnover frequency (TOF) calculations indicated a greater reactivity of the metal surface atoms for the hydrazine catalyst. It also stored more hydrogen. These contrasting results are discussed in relation with the metal particle morphology. 相似文献
105.
Mohammed ElKaoutit Ignacio Naranjo-Rodríguez Khalid Riffi Temsamani Manuel Domínguez José Luis Hidalgo-Hidalgo-de-Cisneros 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2008,45(2):157-163
Structural characteristics an cyclic voltammetry of three amperommetric biosensors based on immobilization of tyrosinase on
a Sonogel-Carbon electrode for detection of phenols are described. Cyclic voltammetry was applied to study the electrochemical
behaviour of the electrode and the electrochemical reaction on the electrode surface. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray
energy dispersive spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used for the structure characterization of the electrode surface,
enzyme film and polymers coatings. The influence of additive-protective polymers, such as polyethylene glycol and perfluorinated-Nafion
ion-exchanger on the surface of the biosensor were explored. 相似文献
106.
Long Yuan Mohammed Jemal Anne‐Francoise Aubry 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2012,26(12):1465-1474
107.
Dolores Bellido-Milla Laura Ma Cubillana-Aguilera Mohammed El Kaoutit Ma Purificación Hernández-Artiga José Luis Hidalgo-Hidalgo de Cisneros Ignacio Naranjo-Rodríguez José Ma Palacios-Santander 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(11):3525-3539
Graphite powder-based electrodes have the electrochemical performance of quasi-noble metal electrodes with intrinsic advantages related to the possibility of modification to enhance selectivity and their easily renewable surface, with no need for hazardous acids or bases for their cleaning. In contrast with commercial electrodes, for example screen-printed or sputtered-chip electrodes, graphite powder-based electrodes can also be fabricated in any laboratory with the form and characteristics desired. They are also readily modified with advanced materials, with relatively high reproducibility. All these characteristics make them a very interesting option for obtaining a large variety of electrodes to resolve different kinds of analytical problems. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art, advantages, and disadvantages of graphite powder-based electrodes in electrochemical analysis in the 21st century. It includes recent trends in carbon paste electrodes, devoting special attention to the use of emergent materials as new binders and to the development of other composite electrodes. The most recent advances in the use of graphite powder-modified sol–gel electrodes are also described. The development of sonogel–carbon electrodes and their use in electrochemical sensors and biosensors is included. These materials extend the possibilities of applications, especially for industrial technology-transfer purposes, and their development could affect not only electroanalytical green chemistry but other interesting areas also, for example catalysis and energy conversion and storage. 相似文献
108.
Mohammed Boutayeb Soufiane El Imadi El Mokhtar Essassi Nour-Eddine Es-Safi Lahcen El Ammari 《合成通讯》2013,43(14):2130-2137
New pyrazolo[1.5.4-de]quinoxaline derivatives were prepared by the action of 7-aminoindazole 1 on diethyl and dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylates. The structures of the obtained compounds and the direction of cyclization were investigated through a crystallographic study of compound 2. Further alkylation, hydrogenation, and bromination were also explored. The action of potassium thiocyanate on the obtained halo product led to a tetracyclic compound of 1.3-thiazolo[3.4-a]pyrazolo[1.5.4-de]quinoxaline series. 相似文献
109.
Colorimetric and Spectrofluorimetric Methods for the Determination of Melatonin in Tablets and Serum
Abstract Two sensitive and accurate colorimetric and spectrofluonmetric methods, are presented for the determination of melatonin in tablets and serum. The first method utilizes the reactions of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in hydrochloric acid (van Urk reagent)-ferric chloride in sulphuric acid (Salkowski reagent) mixture. The blue color of the resulting reaction product is measured at 630 nm. The second method is based on the reaction of melatonin with o-phthalaldehyde in acid medium which yields highly fluorescent condensation product that is measured at 465 nm as emission wavelength, using excitation wavelength at 355 nm. No interference was observed from tableting additives, and the applicability of the methods was examined by analysing tablets containing melatonin (single and combined with pyridoxine). Mean percentage recoveries from tablets were found to be 99.9+0.31 for single and 100.5+0.15 for combined tablets using colorimetric method, while by applying spectrofluorimetric method the recoveries were found to be 100.610.41 for single and 100.2+0.39 for combined tablets. Furthermore, the proposed methods were extended to the in-vitro determination of melatonin in serum. The detection limits are 0.27 ug ml?1 for colorimetric method and 0.00035 ug ml?1 for spectrofluorimetric method. 相似文献
110.
Dr. Mohammed Tariq Dr. Daniel Salavera Prof. Alberto Coronas Prof. Luis P. N. Rebelo Prof. Jose N. Canongia Lopes 《Chemphyschem》2013,14(9):1956-1968
In this work the applicability of four of the most commonly used viscosity mixing rules to [ionic liquid (IL)+molecular solvent (MS)] systems is assessed. More than one hundred (IL+MS) binary mixtures were selected from the literature to test the viscosity mixing rules proposed by 1) Hind (Hi), 2) Grunberg and Nissan (G–N), 3) Herric (He) and 4) Katti and Chaudhri (K–C). The analyses were performed by estimating the average (absolute or relative) deviations, AADs and ARDs, between the available experimental data and the predicted ideal mixture viscosity values obtained by means of each rule. The interaction terms corresponding to the adjustable parameters inherent to each rule were also calculated and their trends discussed. 相似文献