Exact solutions to the space–time fractional Schrödinger–Hirota equation and the space–time modified KDV–Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation

In this paper, the first integral method and the functional variable method are used to establish exact traveling wave solutions of the space–time fractional Schrödinger–Hirota equation and the space–time fractional modified KDV–Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation in the sense of conformable fractional derivative. The results obtained confirm that proposed methods are efficient techniques for analytic treatment of a wide variety of the space–time fractional partial differential equations.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(ether-block-amide) Membranes

Poly(ether-block-amide) membranes were made via casting a solution on a nonsolvent (water) surface. In this research, effects of different parameters such as ratio of solvent mixture (n-butanol/isopropanol), temperature, composition of coagulation bath (water) and polymer concentration, on quality of the thin film membranes were studied. The mechanism of membrane formation involves solution spreading, solvent–nonsolvent exchange, and partial evaporation of the solvent steps. Solvent- nonsolvent exchange is the main step in membrane formation and determines membrane morphology. However, at higher temperature of polymeric solution greater portion of solvent evaporates. The results showed that type of demixing process (mutual affinity between solvent and nonsolvent) has important role in film formation. Also, addition of solvent to the nonsolvent bath is effective on membrane morphology. The film quality enhances with increasing isopropanol ratio in the solvent mixture. This behavior can be related to increasing of solution surface tension, reduction of interfacial tension between solution and nonsolvent and delayed solvent-nonsolvent demixing. Uniform films were made at a temperature rang of 60–80 °C and a polymer concentration of 4–7 wt%. Morphology of the membranes was investigated with scanning electron micrograph (SEM). Pervaporation of ethyl butyrate/water mixtures was studied using these membranes and high separation performance was achieved. For ethyl butyrate/water mixtures, It was observed that both permeation flux and separation factor increase with increasing ethyl butyrate content in the feed. Increasing temperature in limited range studied resulted in decreasing separation factor and increasing permeation flux.     

Computing the throughput of Concatenation State Machines

Concatenation State Machine (CSM) is a labeled directed And–Or graph representing a deterministic push-down transducer. In the high-performance version of CSM, labels associated to edges are words (rather than letters) over the input alphabet. The throughput of a path p is defined as the sum of the lengths of the labels of the path, divided by the number of edges of p. The throughput of a CSM M is defined as the infimum of the throughput of all accepting paths of M. In this paper we give an $\mathrm{O}(nm\log (\frac{\mathit{max}-\mathit{min}}{\epsilon }))$ algorithm, computing an ε-approximation of the throughput of a CSM M, where n is the number of nodes, m is the number of edges, and max (min) is the maximum (respectively, minimum) of the lengths of the edge labels of M. While we have been interested in a particular case of an And–Or graph representing a transducer, we have actually solved the following problem: if a real weight function is defined on the edges of an And–Or graph G, we compute an ε-approximation of the infimum of the complete hyper-path mean weights of G. This problem, if restricted to digraphs, is strongly connected to the problem of finding the minimum cycle mean.     

Modulated large-pore mesoporous silica as an efficient base catalyst for the Henry reaction

In this study, mesoporous silica materials with tuned pores and surface areas were successfully synthesized by adjusting the amount of applied hexane and controlling the hydrothermal temperature. The synthesized silica materials were then functionalized by an amine group to produce solid base catalysts and be applicable as efficient heterogeneous base catalysts for the Henry reaction. The mesoporous silica catalysts possessing large-pores and surface area expose their active catalytic sites and thereby improve contacts with reactants fulfilling the reactions expeditiously in comparison with solid base catalysts possessing small-pores and surface area. The results indicated that the yield of the products is significantly dependent on the structure of the applied solid base catalysts. The modulated large-pore solid base catalysts presented high catalytic activity in Henry reactions and could be reused for five consecutive cycles.     

Variational rationality,variational principles and the existence of traps in a changing environment

Journal of Global Optimization - This paper has two aspects. Mathematically, in the context of global optimization, it provides the existence of an optimum of a perturbed optimization problem that...     

Novel optically active poly(amide-imide)s derived from L-aspartic acid

2,6-Bis-(2,5-dioxo-tetrahydro-N-(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrrol-3-yl)-pyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindole-1,3,5,7-teraone, a chiral diacid, was prepared from pyromellitic anhydride and L-aspartic acid in a three steps reaction pathway. The polycondensation reactions of the monomer with aromatic diamines were carried out in direct condensation reaction conditions. The synthesized poly(amide-imide)s had inherent viscosities in the range of 0.30–0.80 dl/g. Identification of all of the products were performed by conventional analytical techniques such as TLC, IR and ¹H NMR/¹³C MR spectroscopy. Thermoanalytical techniques (TGA/DSC) showed useful levels of thermal stability, associated with relatively high glass transition temperatures and carbonized residues in excess of 40% at 600°C for the synthesized polymers. Amorphous morphology was obtained based on XRD patterns and DSC traces. The polymers were soluble in a variety of polar organic solvents and afforded transparent and relatively flexible to brittle films by solution casting.     

Synthesis of bioactive magnetic nanoparticles spiro[indoline-3,4′-[1,3]dithiine]@Ni (NO3)2 supported on Fe3O4@SiO2@CPS as reusable nanocatalyst for the synthesis of functionalized 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran

New bioactive magnetic nanoparticles of spiro[indoline-3,4′-[1,3]dithiine]@Ni (NO₃)₂ supported on Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@CPS were synthesized in five steps. The structure of synthesized magnetic nanoparticles was identified by using Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface analysis. Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles based on MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) and MFC (Minimum Fungicidal Concentration) values were also examined. Furthermore, the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles exhibited appropriate catalytic properties in the synthesis of the 3,4-dihydro-2H- pyran derivatives.