Exact Solutions of the Klein-Gordon Equation for the Scarf-Type Potential via Nikiforov-Uvarov Method

In this paper we present the exact solutions of the one-dimensional Klein-Gordon equation for the Scarf-type potential with equal scalar and vector potentials. Exact solutions and corresponding energy eigenvalues equation are obtained using Nikiforov-Uvarov mathematical method for the s-wave bound state. The PT-symmetry and Hermiticity for this potential are also considered. It will be shown that the obtained results of the Scarf-type potential are reduced to the results of the well-known potentials in the special cases.     

Numerical study of nonlinear Schrödinger and coupled Schrödinger equations by differential transformation method

This paper presents the coupled version of a previous work on nonlinear Schrödinger equation [23]. It focuses on the construction of approximate solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations. In this paper, we applied the differential transformation method (DTM) to solving coupled Schrödinger equations. The obtained results show that the technique suggested here is accurate and easy to apply.     

Electronic and transport properties of monolayer graphene defected by one and two carbon ad-dimers

Using density functional theory combined with non-equilibrium Green’s function method, we have investigated the electronic and transport properties of graphenes defected by one and two carbon ad-dimers (CADs), placed parallel to the graphene lattice. Addition of these CADs to graphenes creates 3D paired pentagon–heptagon defects (3D-PPHDs). The band structure, density of states (DOS), quantum conductance, projected DOS, as well as the current–voltage characteristic per graphene super-cells containing each type of 3D-PPHD are calculated. The local strain introduced to graphene by 3D-PPHDs forces the C-bonds in the dimers to hybridize in sp ³-like rather than sp ²-like orbitals, creating localized states at the center of the corresponding defect below the Fermi energy. Simulations show that the zero-bias conductances per super-cells containing defects created by one and two CADs exhibit dip about ~0.579 and ~0.253 eV below their corresponding Fermi levels, respectively. These can be attributed to the localized states around the same energy levels. Simulations also show that the enhanced carriers scatterings within the graphenes defected by the 3D-PPHDs have increased their overall resistances, as compared with the pristine graphene. Moreover, the current–voltage characteristic calculated per super-cell for each case shows that the current for those containing one and two CADs, at an applied voltage of 0.5 V, is ~5 and 13 % less than the current calculated for the pristine super-cell of the same size.     

Robust adaptive synchronization for a general class of uncertain chaotic systems with application to Chua's circuit

The synchronization problem for a general class of uncertain chaotic systems is addressed. The underlying systems may be perturbed by unknown time-varying parameters, unstructured uncertainties, and external disturbances. Meanwhile, the time-varying parameters and disturbances are neither required to be periodic nor to have known bounds. Assuming the disturbances are L(2) signals, an adaptive control incorporated with H(∞) control technique is employed to construct a robust adaptive synchronization algorithm. Then, removing such assumption, a novel adaptive-based method is developed to achieve the goal of synchronization. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, such methods are applied to solve the synchronization problem of uncertain chaotic Chua's circuits.     

Electrochemical determination of captopril in the presence of acetaminophen,tryptophan, folic acid,and l-cysteine at the surface of modified carbon nanotube paste electrode

Ionics - A novel carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with 2,2′-[1,7–heptanediylbis(nitrilomethylidene)]-bis(4-hydroxyphenol) (DHB) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was prepared. At first,...     

Influence of tungsten doping concentration on the electronic and optical properties of anatase TiO2

The structural, electronic and optical properties of tungsten-doped TiO₂ have been investigated using density functional theory with plane wave basis sets and ultrasoft pseuodopotential. Substitutional W doping at Ti sites create W 5d states just below the conduction band minimum while interstitial W doping gives isolated W 5d states in the middle of forbidden region. Averaged bond lengths show that W doping at Ti sites produce minimum structural distortion as compared to the interstitial W-doped TiO₂. Substitutional W-doped TiO₂ has better visible light absorption compared to interstitial W-doped TiO₂ and has stable configuration which provide reasonable explanation for the experimental findings. Tungsten doping in TiO₂ with different doping concentrations is investigated as an enabling concept for enhancing the visible light absorption. Optical properties show that optimal W doping concentration would improve the visible light absorption. 2.08% W doping concentration gives strong visible and ultraviolet light absorption among all doped models found consistent with experiments.     

Interaction of longitudinal phonons with discrete breather in strained graphene

We numerically analyze the interaction of small-amplitude phonon waves with standing gap discrete breather (DB) in strained graphene. To make the system support gap DB, strain is applied to create a gap in the phonon spectrum. We only focus on the in-plane phonons and DB, so the issue is investigated under a quasi-one-dimensional setup. It is found that, for the longitudinal sound waves having frequencies below 6 THz, DB is transparent and thus no radiation of energy from DB takes place; whereas for those sound waves with higher frequencies within the acoustic (optical) phonon band, phonon is mainly transmitted (reflected) by DB, and concomitantly, DB radiates its energy when interacting with phonons. The latter case is supported by the fact that, the sum of the transmitted and reflected phonon energy densities is noticeably higher than that of the incident wave. Our results here may provide insight into energy transport in graphene when the spatially localized nonlinear vibration modes are presented.     

New 7-piperazinylquinolones containing (benzo[<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">d</Emphasis>]imidazol-2-yl)methyl moiety as potent antibacterial agents

A series of 7-piperazinylquinolones containing a (benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl moiety were designed and synthesized as new antibacterial agents. The antibacterial activity of title compounds was evaluated against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia) microorganisms. Among the tested compounds, the N1-cyclopropyl derivative 4a showed the highest activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, B. subtilis and E. coli (\(\text {MIC} = 0.097\) \(\upmu \)g/mL), being 2–4 times more potent than reference drug norfloxacin. A structure-activity relationship study demonstrated that the effect of the nitro group on the benzimidazole ring depends on the pattern of substitutions on the piperazinylquinolone.     

Specifications of dust-ion-acoustic shock waves affected by dust charge variation in four-component dissipative quantum plasma

ABSTRACT

Nonlinear propagation of dust-ion-acoustic shock waves in an unmagnetized, collisionless four-component quantum plasma containing electrons, positrons, ions and negatively charged dust grains affected by dust charge variations and viscosity of ions is studied using quantum hydrodynamic model. Considering dust charge variation give rise to calculating of charging currents of the plasma particles. These currents have been calculated with orbit limited motion theory and using Fermi-distribution functions or Boltzmann–Maxwell distribution depending on quantum or classical particles, respectively. The basic characteristics of quantum dust-ion-acoustic shock waves are investigated by deriving Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation under the reductive perturbation method. Depending on the relative values of the dispersive and dissipative coefficients, oscillatory and monotonic shock waves can propagate in the plasma model. The effect of chemical potential and density of dust particles on the shock wave’s height and thickness is investigated. In addition, the critical value of H (H_c) is calculated and it is shown that for R?>?0 compressive shock waves and for R?<?0 rarefactive ones can exist. The present study is applicable to researchers on quantum nonlinear structures in dense astrophysical objects and ultra-small micro- and nano-electronic devices.     

Analysis,design and simulation of MIM plasmonic filters with different geometries for technical parameters improvement

In this paper, four optical filter topologies based on metal–insulator–metal waveguides are proposed and the designed structures are investigated numerically using finite-difference timedomain method. Triangular-shaped adjunctions have been added to the filter structures to improve their transmission spectrum. These improved structures consist of air as the insulator and silver as the metal. The relative permittivity of metal has been described via the Drude,Drude–Lorentz, and Palik models. The first filter's transmission spectrum shows an acceptable transmittance. In the second optimized filter, the transmission spectrum has been improved. The transmittance spectrum can be tuned through adjusting the edge of the triangle in these four optimized filters. As a result, the bandwidths of resonance spectra can be adjusted. The theory of such tapered structures will be investigated by the tapered transmission line and will be solved with the transfer matrix method. This method shows a better performance and higher transmission efficiency in comparison with the basic structures. On the other hand, the final filter has been chosen as the best one because of its hexagonal resonator. The main reason for having a better result is due to a longer interaction length in comparison with the circular resonator. This in turn creates much better energy coupling and results in higher transmission.