全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7447篇 |
免费 | 314篇 |
国内免费 | 111篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5657篇 |
晶体学 | 40篇 |
力学 | 392篇 |
数学 | 730篇 |
物理学 | 1053篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 57篇 |
2022年 | 271篇 |
2021年 | 363篇 |
2020年 | 368篇 |
2019年 | 371篇 |
2018年 | 373篇 |
2017年 | 361篇 |
2016年 | 487篇 |
2015年 | 347篇 |
2014年 | 456篇 |
2013年 | 834篇 |
2012年 | 632篇 |
2011年 | 553篇 |
2010年 | 357篇 |
2009年 | 346篇 |
2008年 | 346篇 |
2007年 | 295篇 |
2006年 | 204篇 |
2005年 | 174篇 |
2004年 | 119篇 |
2003年 | 117篇 |
2002年 | 95篇 |
2001年 | 32篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 26篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 21篇 |
1996年 | 21篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有7872条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
Mohammad Navid Soltani Rad Ali Khalafi-Nezhad Somayeh Behrouz Zohreh Amini Marzieh Behrouz 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(8):1658-1671
A facile and highly efficient method for one-pot Beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes into N-substituted amides using N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)imidazole (TsIm) is described. In this method, ketoximes are refluxed with TsIm and Cs2CO3 in the presence of SiO2 as a recyclable catalyst in DMF affording the corresponding amides in high yields. This methodology is highly efficient and regioselective for various structurally diverse ketoximes including symmetrical and unsymmetrical as well as cyclic oximes. The results of quantum mechanical studies used to rationalize the experimental outcomes are discussed. 相似文献
122.
Mohammad Ali Zolfigol Farhad Shirini Khosrow Zamani Efat Ghofrani Satar Ebrahimi 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(11):2177-2182
Silica phosphoric acid was prepared via reaction of silica chloride (I) and phosphoric acid. Thiols can be readily converted to their corresponding thionitrites with a combination of silica phosphoric acid (II), wet SiO 2 , and sodium nitrite in dichloromethane at room temperature. Disulfides result from the homolytic cleavage of the sulfur–nitrogen bond of the unstable thionitrite and subsequent coupling of the resultant thiyl radicals. 相似文献
123.
Seyed Abolghasem Kahani Mohammad Sabeti Mohammad Taghi Yosefi 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(11):1584-1590
Abstract The oxidation of thiocyanate to polythiocyanic acid by peroxydisulfate was carried out in an aqueous solution at room temperature. The primary step is the decomposition of peroxydisulfate into sulfate-free radicals. At room temperature in the presence of peroxydisulfate as a oxidizing agent, HSCN polymerizes to (HSCN)n. The oxidation of thiocyanate in an aqueous solution is often complicated, but here we obtained the polythiocyanic acid as a major product. The products were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV- visible, H-NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. 相似文献
124.
Abdolreza Iraj Mansouri Zahra Hassani Mohammad Reza Islami 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(8):1753-1758
2-Aminobenzoic acids or 4-aminobenzoic acid react with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate/triphenylphosphine in less than 20 min at 15–25°C to produce new organic phosphorus compounds in good to excellent yields. The conversion occurs with selective N- over O-alkylation of the amino group and isolation of the products is accomplished simply by filtration. 相似文献
125.
Arash Ghorbani-Choghamarani Mohammad Soleiman-Beigi Farid Noormohammadi 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(8):1665-1672
Abstract Trimethylphenylammonium tribromide has been introduced as a versatile and new oxidizing agent for the preparation of disulfides and sulfoxides from thiols and sulfides, respectively. The reaction progress is simple, and proceeds under mild and homogenous conditions in ambient temperature. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT 相似文献
126.
The MCM‐41 and SiO2 supported TiCl4 and TiCl4/MgCl2 catalysts with different molar ratios of Mg/Ti were synthesized and used for ethylene polymerization under atmospheric pressure. The nanochannels of MCM‐41 serve as nanoscale polymerization reactor and the polyethylene nanofibers were extruded during the reaction. The nanofibers were observed in SEM micrographs of resulting polyethylene. The effect of MgCl2 on catalytic activity and thermal properties of resulting polyethylene is investigated too. In the presence of MgCl2, the catalytic activity increased and more crystalline polyethylene with higher melting points were formed. However, no fibers could be observed in the polyethylene prepared by SiO2 supported catalysts. 相似文献
127.
Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz Somayeh Moradi Bahman Ebrahimi Saatluo Hadi Rahimi Ali Reza Madram 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2013,112(3):1453-1463
A novel general method is introduced to predict deflagration temperature of organic energetic compounds containing at least –NNO2, –ONO2, or –CNO2 groups. Deflagration temperature is an important safety parameter in working with dangerous energetic compounds and their environmental problems. It is shown that the contribution of some molecular structure parameters can be used to interpret thermal decomposition of an energetic compound. For 86 energetic materials (corresponding to 102 measured values) with different molecular structures, the new correlation has the root mean square (rms) and the average deviations of 23.8 and 19.0 K, respectively. The new method is also tested for some energetic compounds with complex molecular structures, e.g., two new organic energetic molecules N,N′-bis(1,2,4-triazol-3yl)-4,4′-diamino-2,2′,3,3′,5,5′,6,6′-octanitroazobenzene (BTDAONAB) and 2,4,6-trinitrophloroglucinol. 相似文献
128.
Mahdi Tohidian Seyed Reza Ghaffarian Seyed Emadodin Shakeri Erfan Dashtimoghadam Mohammad Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2013,17(8):2123-2137
Nanocomposite membranes based on polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) of chitosan/phosphotungstic acid (PWA) and different types of montmorillonite (MMT) were prepared as alternative membranes to Nafion for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed an electrostatically fixed PWA within the PEC membranes, which avoids a decrease in proton conductivity at practical condition. Various amounts of pristine as well as organically modified MMT (OMMT) (MMT: Cloisite Na, OMMT: Cloisite 15A, and Cloisite 30B) were introduced to the PEC membranes to decrease in methanol permeability and, thus, enhance efficiency and power density of the cells. X-ray diffraction patterns of the nanocomposite membranes proved that MMT (or OMMT) layers were exfoliated in the membranes at loading weights of lower than 3 wt.%. Moreover, the proton conductivity and the methanol permeability as well as the water uptake behavior of the manufactured nanocomposite membranes were studied. According to the selectivity parameter, ratio of proton conductivity to methanol permeability, the PEC/2 wt.% MMT 30B was identified as the optimum composition. The DMFC performance tests were carried out at 70 °C and 5 M methanol feed and the optimum membrane showed higher maximum power density as well as acceptable durability compared to Nafion 117. The obtained results indicated that owing to the relatively high selectivity and power density, the optimum nanocomposite membrane could be considered as a promising polyelectrolyte membrane (PEM) for DMFC applications. 相似文献
129.
In this work, a voltammetric method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of captopril (CPT) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in pharmaceutical combinations and clinical samples using a graphene/ferrocene composite carbon paste (GR/Fc/CP) electrode. The electrochemical behaviors of CPT and HCT were individually and simultaneously investigated at the surface of the GR/Fc/CP electrode. In differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) mode and under optimized experimental conditions, CPT and HCT gave linear responses over the concentration ranges 1.0–430 µM and 0.5–390 µM (r2>0.99), respectively. The prepared electrode could be used for simultaneous determination of CPT and HCT in some real samples. 相似文献
130.
Chemical functionalization of C60 fullerene with one to six carbene (CH2) molecule(s) has been investigated using density functional theory. We have found that the reaction is regioselective so that a CH2 molecule prefers to be adsorbed atop a C–C bond which is shared between two hexagonal rings of the C60, releasing energy of ?3.95 eV. Singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) of the CH2 interacts with LUMO of the C60 via a [2 + 1] cycloaddition reaction. Energy of the reaction and work function of the system are decreased by increasing the number of adsorbed CH2 molecules. The HOMO/LUMO energy gap of C60 is slightly changed and the electron emission from its surface is facilitated upon the functionalization. 相似文献