A Study of Drop Size Distribution in Multistage Bubble Extractor

Results obtained in determining experimentally the mean volume-surface drop diameter of the dispersed phase in a multistage bubble extractor are presented.     

Optical fractionation of an ensemble of impurity molecules with respect to the magnitude of the piezochromic effect

A method of hole burning in the 0-0 band of the impurity-absorption spectra of polymers and glasses is suggested. This method is selective not only with respect to the transition energy, but also with respect to the magnitude of the piezochromic effect. It is shown that, in combination with the modulation of the wavelength of probe radiation, this method makes it possible to determine the contribution of the impurity molecules with a specified magnitude of the piezochromic effect to the total absorption and luminescence of a sample. This circumstance allows one to study experimentally the correlation of the piezochromic effect with other characteristics of impurity molecules.     

Search for the emission of π<Superscript>0</Superscript> mesons from the neutron-induced fission of <Superscript>235</Superscript>U nuclei

A nuclear-reactor experiment on the search for the emission of neutral pions from the neutron-induced fission of ²³⁵U nuclei has been carried out. To this end, an experimental setup for searching for the emission of π⁰ mesons with high sensitivity to this process has been designed and produced. This setup consisted of two Cherenkov total-absorption spectrometers for the detection and measurements of the energy of two gamma-ray photons from π ⁰-meson decay. The spectrometers were placed at the exits of two coaxial horizontal experimental channels. To protect the detectors from low-energy β and γ rays and neutron fluxes, 3.5-m-long water filters were situated in the channels. To reject the cosmic background, large-area scintillation counters operating in the anticoincidence mode were placed over each spectrometer. The energy and time resolution of the spectrometers, as well as the efficiency of detecting charged particles by scintillation counters, were tested on the secondary electron beam of the Tomsk electron synchrotron Sirius. Runs of measurements of the effect on the operating reactor (duration of 805 h) were alternated with runs of measurements of background on the stopped reactor (duration of 403 h). Statistical processing of the experimental results yields an upper limit of ≤5.3×10 ^?12 with a 90% confidence level for the probability of the emission of neutral pions from the neutron-induced fission of ²³⁵U nuclei. This result and results of other works carried out with sources of spontaneously fissioning ²⁵²Cf nuclei show that the probabilities of the emission of π⁰ mesons from spontaneous fission and fission induced by fission-spectrum neutrons are equal to each other.     

On Starting Control of Vibrations of a String

Within the framework of the theory of games, we consider the problem of starting control of oscillations of points of a string according to a given law. As control parameters for players, the initial position and the starting velocity of the string are taken. We determine the optimal control for players in both discrete case and continuous case.     

Physics reach of the LHCb experiment

The European Physical Journal C - The physics prospects of the LHCb experiment are presented here for precision CP violation measurements and rare decays.     

First-principles calculations of the hyperfine fields on ligands in fluorides

In solid-state physics, a crystal lattice is frequently approximated by an array of interacting ions. In this case, the wave functions of individual ions are assumed to be a fairly good zeroth approximation in calculating the matrix elements of the interaction Hamiltonian of electrons and nuclei of the lattice from first principles. Use of the second-quantization method is proposed for such calculations in the basis of these functions. As an example, the electron transition amplitude from a ligand to the central ion is estimated. The results agree well with the experimental data.     

A double acousto-optic monochromator for the uv region with improved optical characteristics based on a KDP single crystal

A double monochromator is developed and manufactured on the basis of an acousto-optic filter made of a potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) single crystal. The device has an operating range of 260–540 nm and improved optical characteristics: high aperture ratio (an angular aperture of 2° and a linear aperture of 6.5x15 mm), high polarization contrast (～10⁸), and low level of transmission sidelobes (～10³). The spectral resolution of the monochromator at the edges of the operating range is 0.5 and 3 nm, respectively. The control frequency band is 60–150 MHz. Experimentally, it is shown that, for sound beams with equivalent geometric parameters, the diffraction efficiency provided by the KDP-based acousto-optic filter is an order of magnitude higher than that obtained with a noncollinear acousto-optic filter fabricated on the basis of crystalline quartz.