Accuracy of Phase-Doppler Anemometry in the Presence of Flames

The objectives of the present study were to clarify the influence of flames on phase-Doppler anemometry (PDA) and to consider quantitatively the accuracy of measured sizes and velocities using a known-size polystyrene particle and a Bunsen burner placed in the optical path in PDA simulating the variation of refractive index in a combusting field. It was found that fluctuations of a flame had some influence on the measurement, especially on size, while the velocities obtained in these experiments showed little influence of the flame. Furthermore, a compensation procedure for the error was discussed by comparing the scattered data in size measurement with the displacement of incident laser beams. As a result, it was found that the displacement of the laser beams can be related to the degree of errors caused by the influence of a flame on the optical path in PDA.     

寻找超高能宇宙线源——西藏广延空气簇射实验

总结了１９９０年６月到１９９３年１０月期间西藏空气簇射阵列的观测结果。寻找了来自于蟹状星云、Ｘ射线双星、脉冲星、活动星系核和其它活动天体的能量为１０ＴｅＶγ射线连续发射，没有发现连续稳定发射的迹象，但给出了每个源的流强上限。在阵列所观测的天区寻找了１０ＴｅＶ的γ暴，结果没有发现能量１０ＴｅＶ的γ暴，最后也给出了发现此种γ暴的上限。应用该阵列，明显地观测到了能量为１０ＴｅＶ的宇宙线流强的太阳和月亮阴影。观测了朝向和远离太阳的行星际空间磁场对宇宙线阴影的影响，这是行星际磁场对阴影位移影响的第一次直接观测。研究并发现在实验期间，太阳阴影的位置每年都在变化。同时观测在此期间，朝向和远离方向的宇宙线阴影的不同变化。另外，应用该实验的数据，给出了所谓的“膝”区的原初宇宙线能谱。     

Synthesis of [6]helicene-based sulfonic acid,sulfonamide, and disulfonimides

The synthesis of helically chiral [6]helicene-based sulfonic acid and sulfonamide from enantiomerically pure 1-acetylthio-5,6,9,10-tetrahydro[6]helicene is reported. The first helically chiral disulfonimides were developed as a synthetic application of [6]helicene-based sulfonamide. This new class of organocatalysts was tested in an asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reaction to obtain up to quantitative yields and enantioselectivities up to 24%.     

Biochemical, molecular genetic, and structural analyses of the staphylococcal nucleoid.

The nucleoid structure of an important human pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, was dissected by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The nucleoids dispersed on a cover glass consisted of fibrous units with two different widths of 40 and 80 nm, a feature shared with those of Escherichia coli. On the other hand, cells exposed to an oxidative stress exhibited clogged nucleoids. A knock-out of mrgA (metallo regulated genes A) encoding a staphylococcal homolog of the nucleoid compaction factor (E. coli Dps) eliminated the compaction response to the oxidative stress and reduced the susceptibilities to H2O2 and UV irradiation. We also observed that the negative supercoiling of plasmids is increased by the oxidative stress. A possible interrelation between the helical density and the nucleoid compaction is discussed in relation to the oxidative stress response.