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71.
Michio Zenki Makiko Ideshima Miwa Taniguchi Ayako Katoh Takashi Yokoyama 《Analytical sciences》2005,21(5):517-520
A circulatory flow-injection method (cyclic FIA) for the repetitive determination of zinc has been proposed. The procedure involves the use of 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-[N-n-propyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)amino]phenol (5-Br-PAPS) together with EDTA as a reagent carrier solution, which is recycled in a single-line flow system via a reservoir. The formed 5-Br-PAPS-Zn(II) complex was measured spectrophotometrically at 552 nm, and the signal intensity corresponded to the zinc concentration. After passing through a flow-through cell, the carrier stream then returned to the reservoir, and the main reagent, 5-Br-PAPS, was successfully regenerated by a ligand-exchange reaction with EDTA, allowing the repetitive determination of zinc. The calibration curve for zinc was linear in the concentration range from 0.4 to 10.0 mg dm(-3) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995 (n = 6). The detection limit of this method was 0.02 mg dm(-3) (S/N= 3). This method allowed as many as 300 repetitive determinations of 2.0 mg dm(-3) zinc solution with only 100 cm3 of the circulating carrier solution, providing a reduction in the consumption of reagents and an elimination of waste, an important approach towards clean chemistry. 相似文献
72.
73.
In this study, we propose a new Low-Reynolds-Number (LRN)one-equation model, which is derived from an LRN two-equation(k-ε) model. The derivation of the transport equation, in principle, is based on the assumption that the turbulent structure
parameter remains constant. However, the relation for the turbulent structure parameter a
1(=|−
|/k) is modified to account for near-wall turbulence. As a result, the present one-equation model contains a term which takes
the near-wall limiting behavior explicitly into account. Thus, the present model provides the correct wall-limiting behavior
of turbulence in the vicinity of the wall and can be applied to the analysis of heat transfer. The validity of the present
model is tested in channel flows, boundary layer flows with and without pressure gradient, plane wall jet, and flow with separation
and reattachment. The calculated results showed good agreement with the direct numerical simulation (DNS) and experimental
data.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
74.
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the renormalization group theory for turbulence developed by Yakhot and Orszag [J. Sci. Comput. 1 (1986) 3] and reformulated by Yakhot and Smith [J. Sci. Comput. 7 (1992) 35]. We go into details of their basic theory for the Navier-Stokes equations, the transport equations for the turbulent kinetic energy K, and its dissipation rate . As a result, it becomes evident that their theory bears no relationship to Wilson's renormalization group theory for critical phenomena. Their
model is not directly obtained from the renormalization group theory. They evaluated the Kolmogorov constant by setting the expansion parameter ε = 0 and ε = 4 in the same equations. Furthermore, all the constants in their
model are invalid because of the same problem. 相似文献
75.
Saya Nakabayashi Katsunori Nagano Makoto Nakamura Junya Togawa Asami Kurokawa 《Adsorption》2011,17(4):675-686
The aim of this study is the development of a new adsorbent for the desiccant material which can be regenerated by the domestic
exhaust heat by using natural mesoporous material, Wakkanai siliceous shale. To improve this shale’s performance to adsorb/desorb
the water vapor, lithium chloride, calcium chloride or sodium chloride was supported into the mesopores by impregnating with
each chloride solution. Especially sodium chloride was effective to increase the water vapor adsorption amount 5–7 times of
that of natural shale in the relative humidity range from 50 to 70%. Moreover, the appropriate impregnating concentrations
were determined as 5wt% from the relationship between the maximum water vapor adsorption amount and the mesopore volume. Based
on these results, a new desiccant filter has been developed by impregnated original paper with lithium chloride and sodium
chloride. This paper contained shale powder in the synthetic fibers. The dehumidification performance of this filter was evaluated
under the simulated summer condition in Tokyo. From the cyclic adsorption/regeneration test, this shale and chlorides filter
could adsorb and desorb 60 g/h water vapor repeatedly at the regeneration temperature of 40°C. On the other hand, a silica
gel filter and a zeolite filter adsorbed and desorbed only 10 g/h and 25 g/h, respectively. These results suggested that the
shale impregnated with the chlorides has the best dehumidification ability as a new desiccant material. Further, the desiccant
filter made from the shale will achieve the effective use of the low temperature exhaust heat. 相似文献
76.
Kausar A Nagano H Kuwahara Y Ogata T Kurihara S 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2011,17(2):508-515
In this paper the photocontrolled manipulation of solid materials on the surface of a liquid crystalline thin film is described. Three different types of films namely cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC), compensated nematic liquid crystal (NLC) and nematic LC were used. The rotational and translational manipulation of the microscale solid object was induced by irradiation of light and mode of manipulation (either translational or rotational) was changed by changing the isomer of the azobenzene compound used to make the film. Rotational motion of the object was observed on the ChLC and compensated NLC films containing chirally pure azobenzene compound. The direction of rotational motion was controlled either by changing the optical isomer of the chiral azobenzene or by changing the irradiating light (from ultraviolet to visible). When racemic mixture of the chiral azobenzene compound was used, a translational motion of the object was observed. Even though the direction of the translational motion can be controlled by controlling irradiation position, more facile and precise manipulation of the objects was possible by spatially controlled irradiation of Ar(+) laser and diode UV laser. 相似文献
77.
Umeda N Ueno T Pohlmeyer C Nagano T Inoue T 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(1):12-14
We developed a novel method to spatiotemporally control the activity of signaling molecules. A newly synthesized photocaged rapamycin derivative induced rapid dimerization of FKBP (FK-506 binding protein) and FRB (FKBP-rapamycin binding protein) upon UV irradiation. With this system and the spatially confined UV irradiation, we achieved subcellularly localized activation of Rac, a member of small GTPases. Our technique offers a powerful approach to studies of dynamic intracellular signaling events. 相似文献
78.
Cox N Rapatskiy L Su JH Pantazis DA Sugiura M Kulik L Dorlet P Rutherford AW Neese F Boussac A Lubitz W Messinger J 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(10):3635-3648
The electronic structures of the native Mn(4)O(x)Ca cluster and the biosynthetically substituted Mn(4)O(x)Sr cluster of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII) core complexes isolated from Thermosynechococcus elongatus, poised in the S(2) state, were studied by X- and Q-band CW-EPR and by pulsed Q-band (55)Mn-ENDOR spectroscopy. Both wild type and tyrosine D less mutants grown photoautotrophically in either CaCl(2) or SrCl(2) containing media were measured. The obtained CW-EPR spectra of the S(2) state displayed the characteristic, clearly noticeable differences in the hyperfine pattern of the multiline EPR signal [Boussac et al. J. Biol. Chem.2004, 279, 22809-22819]. In sharp contrast, the manganese ((55)Mn) ENDOR spectra of the Ca and Sr forms of the OEC were remarkably similar. Multifrequency simulations of the X- and Q-band CW-EPR and (55)Mn-pulsed ENDOR spectra using the Spin Hamiltonian formalism were performed to investigate this surprising result. It is shown that (i) all four manganese ions contribute to the (55)Mn-ENDOR spectra; (ii) only small changes are seen in the fitted isotropic hyperfine values for the Ca(2+) and Sr(2+) containing OEC, suggesting that there is no change in the overall spin distribution (electronic coupling scheme) upon Ca(2+)/Sr(2+) substitution; (iii) the changes in the CW-EPR hyperfine pattern can be explained by a small decrease in the anisotropy of at least two hyperfine tensors. It is proposed that modifications at the Ca(2+) site may modulate the fine structure tensor of the Mn(III) ion. DFT calculations support the above conclusions. Our data analysis also provides strong support for the notion that in the S(2) state the coordination of the Mn(III) ion is square-pyramidal (5-coordinate) or octahedral (6-coordinate) with tetragonal elongation. In addition, it is shown that only one of the currently published OEC models, the Siegbahn structure [Siegbahn, P. E. M. Acc. Chem. Res.2009, 42, 1871-1880, Pantazis, D. A. et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.2009, 11, 6788-6798], is consistent with all data presented here. These results provide important information for the structure of the OEC and the water-splitting mechanism. In particular, the 5-coordinate Mn(III) is a potential site for substrate 'water' (H(2)O, OH(-)) binding. Its location within the cuboidal structural unit, as opposed to the external 'dangler' position, may have important consequences for the mechanism of O-O bond formation. 相似文献
79.
Komatsu T Johnsson K Okuno H Bito H Inoue T Nagano T Urano Y 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(17):6745-6751
We present a fluorescence activation-coupled protein labeling (FAPL) method, which employs small-molecular probes that exhibit almost no basal fluorescence but acquire strong fluorescence upon covalent binding to tag-proteins. This method enables real-time imaging of protein labeling without any washout process and is uniquely suitable for real-time imaging of protein dynamics on the cell surface. We applied this method to address the spatiotemporal dynamics of the EGF receptor during cell migration. 相似文献
80.
Terai T Maki E Sugiyama S Takahashi Y Matsumura H Mori Y Nagano T 《Chemistry & biology》2011,18(10):1261-1272
Biotin-(strept)avidin complex is widely used in biotechnology because of its extremely high binding constant, but there is no report describing spatiotemporally controlled formation of the complex in live cells. Here, based on X-ray crystal structure analysis and calorimetric data, we designed and synthesized photoreleasable biotins, which show greatly reduced affinity for (strept)avidin, but recover native affinity after UV irradiation. For application at the cell surface, we introduced an amine-reactive moiety into these "caged" biotin molecules. Specific fluorescence imaging of live cells that had been labeled with these agents and then UV-irradiated, was accomplished by addition of streptavidin conjugated with a fluorophore. We also demonstrated the applicability of these compounds for UV-irradiated-cell-specific drug delivery by using caged-biotin-labeled cells, a prodrug, and streptavidin conjugated with a prodrug-activating enzyme. 相似文献