Evidence for muon neutrino oscillation in an accelerator-based experiment

We present results for nu(mu) oscillation in the KEK to Kamioka (K2K) long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. K2K uses an accelerator-produced nu(mu) beam with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV directed at the Super-Kamiokande detector. We observed the energy-dependent disappearance of nu(mu), which we presume have oscillated to nu(tau). The probability that we would observe these results if there is no neutrino oscillation is 0.0050% (4.0 sigma).     

Hilbert phase microscopy for investigating fast dynamics in transparent systems

We introduce Hilbert phase microscopy (HPM) as a novel optical technique for measuring high transverse resolution quantitative phase images associated with optically transparent objects. Because of its single-shot nature, HPM is suitable for investigating rapid phenomena that take place in transparent structures such as biological cells. The potential of this technique for studying biological systems is demonstrated with measurements of red blood cells, and its ability to quantify dynamic processes on a millisecond scale is exemplified with measurements of evaporating micrometer-sized water droplets.     

Kink in the dispersion of layered strontium ruthenates

We present detailed energy dispersions near the Fermi level along the high symmetry line GammaX on the monolayer and bilayer strontium ruthenates Sr2RuO4 and Sr3Ru2O7, determined by high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. A kink in the dispersion is clearly shown for the both ruthenates. The energy position of the kink and the slope in the low-energy part near the Fermi level are almost identical between them, whereas the dispersion in the high-energy part varies, like the behavior of the kink for the cuprate superconductors.     

Equilateral-triangular shape in 14C

An equilateral-triangular shape of three alpha clusters surrounded by excess neutrons is suggested for 14C, based on the molecular-orbit model. It is found that the attractive interaction between an excess neutron and an alpha particle stabilizes the K(pi)=0(+) and 3(-) rotational bands, which demonstrates an equilateral-triangular symmetry. This K(pi)=3(-) band at 3 MeV below the 10Be+alpha threshold energy corresponds to the experimentally observed band built on top of the second 3(-) state. A positive-parity rotational band (0(+), 2(+), 4(+)) arises similarly. These two bands suggest a molecular 3-alpha structure stabilized by the excess neutrons and can be viewed as a realization of the alpha crystallization in the dilute nuclear medium.     

Novel efficient routes to heparin monosaccharides and disaccharides achieved via regio- and stereoselective glycosidation

A new methodology for the synthesis of heparin building blocks has been developed. We describe novel efficient routes to both L-iduronic acid and D-glucuronic acid acceptors. Glycosylation with thioglycosides donors gave corresponding disaccharides in a regio- and stereoselective fashion. An improved approach to synthesizing azido-glucose thioglycoside donor to render azido-sugar from mannose via nucleophilic substitution is described. [reaction: see text]     

Nonlinear whispering-gallery modes in a microellipse cavity

We study theoretically the effect of deformed microelliptical cavities on lasing characteristics. We show that the transition of stationary lasing states from unidirectional rotational waves to a mixture of clockwise and anticlockwise rotational waves occurs when the shape of a disk is deformed to that of an ellipse.     

Long rod-like array of bis(imidazolyl)porphyrinatocobalt(III) by successive complementary coordination

Simple bis(imidazolyl)porphyrin cobalt(III) complex was found to form a long polymeric array by complementary coordination of imidazole to cobalt ion. Formation of higher ordered assemblies was also observed.     

Application of high pressure induced by water-freezing to the direct catalytic asymmetric three-component List-Barbas-Mannich reaction

High pressure induced by water-freezing has been successfully applied to the direct catalytic asymmetric-three component List-Barbas-Mannich reaction, in which higher yield and better enantioselectivity can be realized than those from the reaction at room temperature under 0.1 MPa.     

First successful molecular design of an artificial Lewis oligosaccharide binding system utilizing positive homotropic allosterism

We have designed phenylboronic acid group appended Ce(IV) bis(porphyrinate) double decker 1 and meso-meso linked porphyrin 2, useful for the allosteric binding of biologically important saccharides, Lewis oligosaccharides. Compound 1 binds Lewis oligosaccharides in aqueous media because of the boronic acid-diol interaction, but the complexation event can occur only above the critical concentrations because of the sigmoidal [oligosaccharide] versus [complex] isotherm. Compound 1 has a sufficiently high affinity with Lewis oligosaccharides (K = 10(5)-10(6) M(-2)) with Hill coefficients n of 1.8-2.0, and Lewis(X) series and Lewis(a) series give opposite, symmetrical CD spectra. This is the first example of efficient binding of Lewis oligosaccharides to the artificial receptor, which has become possible by positive homotropic allosterism.