Determining the nuclear temperature dependence on source neutron-proton asymmetry in heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energy

In this article, we investigate the dependence of nuclear temperature on emitting source neutron-proton (\begin{document}$ N/Z $\end{document}) asymmetry with light charged particles (LCPs) and intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) generated from intermediate-velocity sources in thirteen reaction systems with different \begin{document}$ N/Z $\end{document} asymmetries, \begin{document}$ ^{64} \rm{Zn} $\end{document} on \begin{document}$ ^{112} \rm{Sn} $\end{document}, and \begin{document}$ ^{70} \rm{Zn} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{64} \rm{Ni} $\end{document} on \begin{document}$ ^{112,124} \rm{Sn} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{58,64} \rm{Ni} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{197} \rm{Au} $\end{document}, and \begin{document}$ ^{232} \rm{Th} $\end{document} at 40 MeV/nucleon. The apparent temperature values of LCPs and IMFs from different systems are deduced from the measured yields using two helium-related and eight carbon-related double isotope ratio thermometers, respectively. Then, the sequential decay effect on the experimental apparent temperature deduction with the double isotope ratio thermometers is quantitatively corrected explicitly with the aid of the quantum statistical model. The present treatment is an improvement compared to our previous studies in which an indirect method was adopted to qualitatively consider the sequential decay effect. A negligible \begin{document}$ N/Z $\end{document} asymmetry dependence of the real temperature after the correction is quantitatively addressed in heavy-ion reactions at the present intermediate energy, where a change of 0.1 units in source \begin{document}$ N/Z $\end{document} asymmetry corresponds to an absolute change in temperature of an order of 0.03 to 0.29 MeV on average for LCPs and IMFs. This conclusion is in close agreement with that inferred qualitatively via the indirect method in our previous studies.     

Preparation of Amylose-Oligo[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] Inclusion Complex by Vine-Twining Polymerization

In this study, we attempted to prepare an amylose-oligo[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (ORHB) inclusion complex using a vine-twining polymerization approach. Our previous studies indicated that glucan phosphorylase (GP)-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization in the presence of appropriate hydrophobic guest polymers produces the corresponding amylose–polymer inclusion complexes, a process named vine-twining polymerization. When vine-twining polymerization was conducted in the presence of ORHB under general enzymatic polymerization conditions (45 °C), the enzymatically produced amylose did not undergo complexation with ORHB. However, using a maltotriose primer in the same polymerization system at 70 °C for 48 h to obtain water-soluble amylose, called single amylose, followed by cooling the system over 7 h to 45 °C, successfully induced the formation of the inclusion complex. Furthermore, enzymatic polymerization initiated from a longer primer under the same conditions induced the partial formation of the inclusion complex. The structures of the different products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, ¹H-NMR, and IR measurements. The mechanism of formation of the inclusion complexes discussed in the study is proposed based on the additional experimental results.     

From Cs<Subscript>2</Subscript>Mo<Subscript>6</Subscript>Cl<Subscript>14</Subscript> to Cs<Subscript>2</Subscript>Mo<Subscript>6</Subscript>Cl<Subscript>14</Subscript>·H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O and Vice Versa: Crystal Chemistry Investigations

We report here the synthesis, the crystal structure and the luminescent properties of the new cluster compounds Cs₂Mo₆Cl₁₄·H₂O and Cs₂Mo₆Br₁₄·H₂O. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction performed on Cs₂Mo₆Cl₁₄·H₂O indicates that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with refined cell parameters a = 19.578 Å, b = 15.151 Å, c = 9.347 Å, and β = 115.64°. The structure can be described from discrete \(\left[ {{\text{Mo}}_{ 6} {\text{Cl}}^{\text{i}}_{ 8} {\text{Cl}}^{\text{a}}_{ 6} } \right]^{ 2- }\) anionic cluster units arranged in a “A–A’–A–A’” pseudo prismatic stacking parallel to (b, c) plane with both Cs⁺ cations and water molecules located between the layers. Moreover, the centric character of the trigonal structure of Cs₂Mo₆Cl₁₄ was also studied by combination of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and both X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. The results suggest an important influence of the sample preparation on the symmetry of the crystal structure. The crystal structure relationship between the \(\left[ {{\text{Mo}}_{ 6} {\text{Cl}}^{\text{i}}_{ 8} {\text{Cl}}^{\text{a}}_{ 6} } \right]^{ 2- }\) anionic cluster unit arrangements in Cs₂Mo₆Cl₁₄ and Cs₂Mo₆Cl₁₄·H₂O is discussed. Finally, the characterization of the luminescent properties of Cs₂Mo₆X₁₄ and Cs₂Mo₆X₁₄·H₂O (X = Cl, Br) indicates that emission profile is comparable regardless existence of water molecule in the crystal structure.     

A risk averse approach to the capacity allocation problem in the airline cargo industry

In air cargo transportation, capacity can be reserved via allotment, which are long-term contracts with fixed price, and free, which is the space not assigned to allotment contracts. In this later case, reservations are made closer to the departure date, and normally higher tariffs are charged. The demand, the tariff, and the show-up rate for the free mode are stochastic. We consider risk neutral and risk averse formulations, using the Conditional Value-at-Risk as a risk measure. We solve the resulting problems using the Sample Average Approximation and test our models with nine experiments representing different demand patterns using real data from a major airline.     

On some refinement of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality

If A and B are positive semidefinite operators on a Hilbert space and if σ is an operator mean in the sense of Kubo and Ando, then the operator inequality$(A\#B)\otimes (A\#B)⩽\frac{1}{2}\{(A\sigma B)\otimes (A{\sigma }^{\perp }B)+(A{\sigma }^{\perp }B)\otimes (A\sigma B)\}⩽\frac{1}{2}\{(A\otimes B)+(B\otimes A)\}$holds. This inequality is a generalization of some refinement of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.     

Production of mesons and baryons at high rapidity and high p(T) in proton-proton collisions at square root[s] = 200 GeV

We present particle spectra for charged hadrons pi(+/-), K(+/-), p, and p[over] from pp collisions at square root[s] = 200 GeV measured for the first time at forward rapidities (2.95 and 3.3). The kinematics of these measurements are skewed in a way that probes the small momentum fraction in one of the protons and large fractions in the other. Large proton to pion ratios are observed at values of transverse momentum that extend up to 4 GeV/c, where protons have momenta up to 35 GeV. Next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations describe the production of pions and kaons well at these rapidities, but fail to account for the large proton yields and small p[over]/p ratios.     

Superfluidity of 4He in one and three dimensions realized in nanopores

Superfluidity in one and three dimensions has been studied for 4He fluid films adsorbed in nanopores which are straight channels and three-dimensionally connected pores, respectively. We observed the superfluid in one and three dimensions where thermal phonon wavelengths are much longer than the channel diameter and the period of the pore connection, respectively, and found that the superfluid onset depends on the pore connection. In the straight channels, the observed superfluid density disappears at a temperature far below the heat capacity anomaly of the Ginzburg-Landau transition, while in the pores connected in three dimension, the adsorbed 4He films show an evident three-dimensional transition where the superfluid onset occurs at the heat capacity peak.     

Synthesis of anilinonaphthoquinone-based nickel complexes and their application for olefin polymerization

A series of anilinonaphthoquinone-based nickel complexes, Ni(C₁₀H₅O₂NAr)(Ph)(PPh₃) (Ar = C₆H₃-2,6-Me (1c); Ar = C₆H₂-2,4,6-Me (2c); Ar = C₆H₃-2,6-Et (3c)), were synthesized and the structures of 1c-3c were confirmed by single crystal X-ray analyses. The anilinonaphthoquinone-ligated nickel complexes activated with B(C₆F₅)₃ showed high activities for ethylene polymerization at 40 °C under atmospheric pressure of ethylene and gave polyethylene with long chain branches and short chain branches. The activity of these systems was decreased by lowering polymerization temperature accompanied by increase in molecular weight. The number of the chain branches was also decreased with lowering polymerization temperature and increasing the bulkiness of the ligand.     

New entry for synthesis of N-acylhydrazones, pyridazinones, and 1,3,4-oxadiazin-6-ones from alpha-amino acid esters

Versatile electrophiles N-acylhydrazones are synthesized via diazotization, reduction, and acylation of alpha-amino acid esters. Reduction of diazo esters with L-selectride or tributylphosphine affords the corresponding hydrazones in good yields. Both reducing agents give anti-hydrazones as the major product although the reactivity of each reductant is slightly different. The resulting hydrazones are acylated to give N-acylhydrazones, which are subjected to further reactions to give 1,3,4-oxadiazin-6-ones that serve as useful synthetic intermediates for the Diels-Alder reaction.     

Mass spectrometry in the detection and diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation

Mass spectrometry (MS) of large molecules such as proteins and oligosaccharides has not been employed in clinical practices, while that of small metabolites is widely used for the screening and diagnosis of various congenital diseases. Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) is a newly recognized group of diseases derived from defects in the biosynthetic pathway of protein glycosylation and the patients are never decisively diagnosed unless the glycoprotein molecules are analyzed. We have constructed a diagnostic system where MS of glycoproteins and glycopeptides identifies abnormalities in their glycan moieties. This program is anticipated to reveal the prevalence of CDG and to demonstrate the essential role of MS in the emerging field of medicine, disease glycomics and glycoproteomics.