Heating due to the 9.6μm ozone band in an inhomogeneous atmosphere—a new approximation

The Curtis-Godson method when applied to the 9.6μm ozone band yields large errors. Kuriyan et al. suggested a method improving this result and yet retaining the analytic simplicity of the transmission function. In this paper, the analytic form of the derivative of the transmission function is obtained and then the heating rates are calculated with the new approximation. The errors in this case are negligibly small. Algebraic manipulation enables the reduction of this approximation to a form similar to that proposed by Goody. This procedure permits interpretation of the boundary conditions in physical terms.     

Excitons and Bose–Einstein condensation in living systems

The problems connected with the transformations of energy in the living systems are reviewed. Possibility of Bose–Einstein condensation by input of radiant energy over a critical level is considered as a route for overcoming the barriers of activation energy under the conditions of a pump and a thermalizing environment. Molecular force fields constitute the pump. Under our scheme excitons constitute the major fraction of bosons to so condense. Instantaneous dipoles of London theory are then examined as excitons. Lastly an energy packet from a quantized dipolar field is suggested rather than the concept of “conformons.” Questions of charge and of other modes of energy transfer are briefly discussed.     

Head-group size or hydrophilicity of surfactants: the major regulator of lipase activity in cationic water-in-oil microemulsions

To determine the crucial role of surfactant head-group size in micellar enzymology, the activity of Chromobacterium Viscosum (CV) lipase was estimated in cationic water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions of three different series of surfactants with varied head-group size and hydrophilicity. The different series were prepared by subsequent replacement of three methyl groups of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with hydroxyethyl (1-3, series I), methoxyethyl (4-6, series II), and n-propyl (7-9, series III) groups. The hydrophilicity at the polar head was gradually reduced from series I to series III. Interestingly, the lipase activity was found to be markedly higher for series II surfactants relative to their more hydrophilic analogues in series I. Moreover, the activity remained almost comparable for complementary analogues of both series I and III, though the hydrophilicity was drastically different. Noticeably, the head-group area per surfactant is almost similar for comparable surfactants of both series I and III, but distinctly higher in case of series II surfactants. Thus the lipase activity was largely regulated by the surfactant head-group size, which plays the dominant role over the hydrophilicity. The increase in head-group size presumably allows the enzyme to attain a flexible conformation as well as increase in the local concentration of enzyme and substrate, leading to the higher efficiency of lipase. The lipase showed its best activity in the microemulsion of 6 probably because of its highest head-group size. Furthermore, the observed activity in 6 is 2-3-fold and 8-fold higher than sodium bis(2-ethyl-1-hexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) and CTAB-based microemulsions, respectively, and in fact highest ever in any w/o microemulsions.     

Carbon-13 NMR spectra of kauranoid diterpenes

Carbon-13 NMR spectra of a number of (?)-ent-kauranoids have been studied. An unambiguous selfconsistent assignment of resonances has been made by considering the changes in chemical shifts produced by the change of substituent(s).     

Optical absorption and luminescence of n-irradiated Kbr

About ten minutes after reactor pneumatic tube irradiation (10–50 sec) of KBr samples, optical absorption and luminescence were studied during heating-cooling cycles. The induced radioactivity acting as an internal source of irradiation is found to play a dominant role and is responsible for some anomalous results.     

Ferromagnetic resonance in strained and strain-free single crystal nickel films

Ferromagnetic resonance measurements have been used to study the basic magnetic properties of nickel including the ratios of the magneto-striction coefficients (h₃/h₁ and h₄/h₁) over the temperature range 293°K to 132°K. A thermal cycling effect has been observed in the strained samples but not in the strain-free films.