Formic Acid,a Ubiquitous but Overlooked Component of the Early Earth Atmosphere

Terrestrial volcanism has been one of the dominant geological forces shaping our planet since its earliest existence. Its associated phenomena, like atmospheric lightning and hydrothermal activity, provide a rich energy reservoir for chemical syntheses. Based on our laboratory simulations, we propose that on the early Earth volcanic activity inevitably led to a remarkable production of formic acid through various independent reaction channels. Large-scale availability of atmospheric formic acid supports the idea of the high-temperature accumulation of formamide in this primordial environment.     

Impregnated fly ash sorbent for cesium-137 removal from water samples

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Cesium-137 is an important indicator of radioactive pollution in the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to increase the sorption...     

First Total Synthesis of Phytoprostanes with Prostaglandin-Like Configuration,Evidence for Their Formation in Edible Vegetable Oils and Orienting Study of Their Biological Activity

Phytoprostanes (PhytoP) are natural products, which form in plants under oxidative stress conditions from α-linolenic acid. However, their epimers with relative prostaglandin configuration termed phytoglandins (PhytoG) have never been detected in Nature, likely because of the lack of synthetic reference material. Here, the first asymmetric total synthesis of such compounds, namely of PhytoGF_1α (9-epi-16-F_1t-PhytoP) and its diastereomer ent-16-epi-PhytoGF_1α (ent-9,16-diepi-16-F_1t-PhytoP), has been accomplished. The synthetic strategy is based on radical anion oxidative cyclization, copper(I)-mediated alkyl-alkyl coupling and enantioselective reduction reactions. A UHPLC-MS/MS study using the synthesized compounds as standards indicates PhytoG formation at significant levels during autoxidation of α-linolenic acid in edible vegetable oils. Initial testing of synthetic PhytoGs together with F₁-PhytoP and 15-F_2t-IsoP derivatives for potential interactions with the PGF_2α (FP) receptor did not reveal significant activity. The notion that PUFA-derived oxidatively formed cyclic metabolites with prostaglandin configuration do not form to a significant extent in biological or food matrices has to be corrected. Strong evidence is provided that oxidatively formed PhytoG metabolites may be ingested with plant-derived food, which necessitates further investigation of their biological profile.     

Effect of internal mold release agent on flexural and inter laminar shear properties of carbon and glass fabric reinforced thermoset composites

The study is focused on thermoset composites reinforced with carbon and glass woven fabrics. Two types of thermoset resins, for example, epoxy and vinyl ester were used as the matrix. Varying concentrations of internal mold releasing (IMR) agent was used in the resin. The composites were cured both at room temperature and at 80°C. The flexural properties were studied using 3‐point bending test method. Further theinter‐laminar shear strength (ILSS) was investigated using the short beam shear strength test based on 3‐point bending. The flexural modulus of room temperature cured epoxy resin is higher than that of high temperature cured epoxy resin and cured vinyl ester resin. The flexural modulus is lowest for 1% IMR sample in epoxy system and the modulus for 0% and 2% epoxy are not significantly different. Lowest flexural strength and modulus can be observed for the combination of reinforcement and curing conditions for samples containing 1% IMR for the epoxy systems. Carbon fiber is found to be less compatible with the vinyl ester resin system and the addition of IMR to the resin degraded the properties further. Inter‐laminar shear strength for epoxy‐based composites is not much affected by presence of IMR, but in case of vinyl ester based composites there is a decrease in ILSS on addition of IMR agent. The study explains variation in flexural properties on addition of IMR and change of curing conditions. These results can be used for ascertaining variation in mechanical properties in real use.     

Identities over the two-element alphabet

In [4] and [5] the authors considered semigroup identities that induce various types of decompositions. In this paper we continue this work for identites over the two-element alphabet. In particular, we solve some problems that are not solved in the general case and we solve several types of well known Tamura's problems. Supported by Grant 0401A of RFNS through Math. Inst. SANU.     

Hankel and Loewner matrices

Mutual relations between the Hankel, Toeplitz, Bézout, and Loewner matrices as well as further connections to rational interpolation and projective geometry are investigated.     

On the general form of the Beltrami equation and Papkovich's solution of the axially symmetrical problem of the classical theory of elasticity

The paper shows the connection between the general form of the Beltrami equation of compatibility, which had already been derived by the author, and the form given for it in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates by Lurye (para 2, 3).Some of the properties of Papkovich's general solution of the axially symmetrical problem (without body forces) of the theory of elasticity and its relation to the Finzi-Krutkov solution are discussed so as to supplement to a certain extent the paper of Trenin (para 4, 5, 6).     

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