Pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance study of transport properties of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts

Pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR) has been applied to study molecular diffusion in industrial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts and in USY zeolite for a broad range of molecular displacements and temperatures. The results of this study have been used to elucidate the relevance of molecular transport on various displacements for the rate of molecular exchange between catalyst particles and their surroundings. It turned out that this rate, which may determine the overall rate and selectivity of FCC process, is primarily related to the diffusion mode associated with displacements larger than the size of zeolite crystals located in the particles but smaller than the size of the particles. This conclusion has been confirmed by comparative studies of the catalytic performance of different FCC catalysts.     

Improved Ligand-Field Theory with Effect of Electron-Phonon Interaction

Traditional ligand-field theory has to be improved by taking into account both “pure electronic” contribution and electron-phonon interaction one (including lattice-vibrational relaxation energy). By means of improved ligand-field theory, R₁, R₂, R₃', R₂', and R₁' lines, U band, ground-state zero-field-splitting (GSZFS), and ground-state g factors of ruby and/or GSGG:Cr³⁺ as well as thermal shifts of GSZFS, R₁ line and R₂ line of ruby have been calculated. The results are in very good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, it is found that the value of cubic-field parameter given by traditional ligand-field theory is inappropriately large. For thermal shifts of GSZFS, R₁ line and R₂ line of ruby, several conclusions have also been obtained.     

Determination of the calcium species in coal chars by Ca K-edge XANES analysis

Ca-based additives have been widely used as a sulfur adsorbent during coal pyrolysis and gasification. The Ca speciation and evolution during the pyrolysis of coal with Ca additives have attracted great attention. In this paper, Ca species in the coal chars prepared from the pyrolysis of Ca(OH)2 or CaCO3-added coals are studied by using Ca K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structural spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that Ca(OH)2 , CaSO4 , CaS and CaO coexist in the Ca(OH)2-added chars, while Ca(OH)2 and CaSO4 are the main species in the Ca(OH)2-added chars. Besides, a carboxyl-bound Ca is also formed during both the pyrolysis for the Ca(OH)2-added and the CaCO3-added coals. A detailed discussion about the Ca speciation is given.     

基于HVS的小波域信息隐藏方法

为了提高信息隐藏的不可感知性和鲁棒性,结合人眼视觉系统(HVS)的相关知识,提出了一种新的小波域信息隐藏算法。将载体图像的中等亮度区域设为不可用区域,不在该区域隐藏信息,同时选择在载体图像小波变换的高频系数细节子图隐藏信息,并优先选择在对角高频系数细节子图中隐藏。计算局部子块的方差值作为隐藏信息的嵌入系数,并通过计算高频子图的噪声敏感模型ωθ(i,j)决定隐藏信息的位置。充分考虑了人眼的各种视觉掩蔽效应,使得隐藏信息后的结果图像相比隐藏之前没有出现明显的降质。实验结果表明该方法能够有效提高信息隐藏的不可知性,达到了很好的隐藏效果,同时能够有效地抗击噪声、裁剪和压缩等攻击影响,具有很好的鲁棒性,在信息安全领域有较好的应用前景。     

声光可调近红外光谱技术快速检测再造烟叶的厚度

厚度是衡量再造烟叶品质及稳定性的一项重要指标,目前再造烟叶厚度测定方法存在读数不稳定、测量准确性受样品特性影响,不利于检测和控制.本文应用声光可调滤光器近红外光谱仪建立再造烟叶厚度检测方法模型,能准确预测再造烟叶厚度指标,具有准确性好,精密度高的特点,符合再造烟叶厚度检测的需要.     

2.45 GHz ECR离子源的微波阻抗匹配

ECR离子源的等离子体阻抗对其微波传输与阻抗匹配设计至关重要。在中国科学院近代物理研究所现有的2.45 GHz ECR 质子源上,对等离子体阻抗进行了测量。首先用水吸收负载代替等离子体负载测量得到了所用微波窗阻抗,然后根据质子源测量数据,推算得到了等离子体阻抗。实验结果表明,脊波导输出端阻抗与后续负载不完全匹配,等离子体阻抗随微波功率变化呈非线性。这些结果为ECR离子源过渡匹配和微波窗的设计提供了参考依据。Plasma impedance of an ECR ion source is important for microwave transmission and impedance matching design. Plasma impedance was measured indirectly with the 2.45 GHz ECR proton source at the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In the test, we got microwave window mpedance by using water absorption load instead of plasma load, and the source plasma impedance was derived from the test data with the 2.45 GHz ECR proton source and microwave window impedance. The experimental results show that ridge waveguide output impedance and the subsequent load does not exactly match, plasma impedance variation is nonlinear with microwave power. The achievedresult is useful in the design of ridged waveguide and microwave window.     

基于月球探测数据的月面地形重构方法研究

在比较不同探月任务取得的月表三维影像数据的基础上,选择中国嫦娥一号全月分幅数字高程模型（DEM）数据作为构建月表地形模型的数据源,并利用ArcGIS、Cass和AutoCAD等软件的功能及其之间的连接关系,研究了基于月球探测数据构建月表三维模型的技术和方法。以月表撞击坑Lichtenberg为例,建立了撞击坑的三维地形模型,并对其精度和影响精度的因素进行了分析。分析结果表明,对于500m分辨率的原始数据,模型误差较小,产生误差的原因主要包括生成等高线的密度、采点间距等因素。