Immobilization of microbial cells by radiation-induced polymerization of glass-forming monomers and immobilization ofStreptomyces phaeochromogenes cells by polymerization of various hydrophobic monomers

The immobilization ofStreptomyces phaeochromogenes cells was studied by the radiation-induced polymerization of various hydrophobic glass-forming monomers at low temperatures. The glucose isomerase activity of cells immobilized in hydrophobic polymers showed no decrease in activity with repeated use (batch enzyme reaction). Activity increased with increasing monomer concentration in contrast to results with the immobilized enzyme. The hydrophobic polymer composite was microspheric in form. The particle diameter of the composite increased with the increasing monomer concentration.K _m values of the immobilized cells were close to that of intact cells. It was deduced that the cells were trapped on the surface part of the hydrophobic polymer ready to react with the substrate, and not within the matrix where diffusion would play an important role in reaction rates.     

Complete asymmetric induction in heteroconjugate addition on an acyclic system a new synthetic approach directed toward ansamacrolide maytansine

Acyclic asymmetric induction was achieved in >99 % $\text{threo}$ formation via coordinated intermediate ($\text{3}$) in the heteroconjugate addition ($\text{2}$ to $\text{4}$); the heteroatom in the adduct being used for elongation of the carbon chain toward maytansine $\text{1}$).     

Determination of sulphide ion at trace levels by ethylation and gas chromatography

Summary A method is described for the determination of sulphide ion in aqueous samples by gas chromatography. Sulphide is ethylated with diethyl sulphate and the resulting diethyl sulphide is extracted with chloroform and determined with a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization or a flame photometric detector. In the case of a flame photometric detector, the detection limit for sulphide ion is 0.05 g/ml. Other anions commonly found with sulphide ion do not interfere. Sulphide ion in spring waters was analysed by this new method and for comparison also by colorimetry (methylene blue). The results revealed the reliability of the new method.

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Bestimmung von Sulfidspuren durch Ethylierung und Gas-Chromatographie

Zusammenfassung Sulfid wird mit Diethylsulfat ethyliert, das gebildete Diethylsulfid mit Chloroform extrahiert und gaschromatographisch mit Hilfe eines Flammenionisationsoder eines flammenphotometrischen Detektors bestimmt. Die Nachweisgrenze beträgt 0,05 g S/ml für den FPD. Anionen, die üblicherweise mit Sulfid zusammen vorkommen, stören nicht. Das Verfahren wurde, im Vergleich mit der colorimetrischen Methylenblaumethode, auf Quellwasser angewendet. Es wurde gute Übereinstimmung der Ergebnisse erzielt.

     

A novel synthesis of the carbapen-2-em derivatives

A new synthesis of the carbapen-2-em ring system, the basic nucleus of thienamycin and its relatives, is described.     

Substituent effect of the coordinated pyridine in a series of pyrazolato bridged dinuclear diiron(II) complexes on the spin-crossover behavior

Two series of pyrazolato bridged dinuclear NCS and NCBH3 diiron(II) complexes with various types of 3- or 4-substituted pyridines, [{Fe(NCS or NCBH3)(X-py)}2(mu-bpypz)2], were prepared and their variable-temperature magnetic susceptibilities were measured. There were found linear correlations of the spin-crossover temperatures Tc not only between the NCS and NCBH3 complexes with the corresponding substituted pyridines, but also between the Tc and the Hammett constants, supporting the electronic substituent effect of the coordinated pyridine rather than a steric effect. The ligand field and the interelectronic repulsion parameters together with the thermodynamic data and/or cooperativity factor were discussed in relation with their spin-crossover behavior.     

Skyrmions from instantons inside domain walls

Some years ago, Atiyah and Manton described a method to construct approximate Skyrmion solutions from Yang-Mills instantons. Here we present a dynamical realization of this construction using domain walls in a five-dimensional gauge theory. The non-Abelian gauge symmetry is broken in each vacuum but restored in the core of the domain wall, allowing instantons to nestle inside the wall. We show that the world volume dynamics of the wall is given by the Skyrme model, including the four-derivative term, and the instantons appear as domain wall Skyrmions.