Cross-flow heat transfer in fixed bed

Radial flow reactor operated at cross-flow heat transfer is focused for large scale methanol synthesis. The effects of operating conditions including the reactor inlet air temperature, the heating pipe temperature and the air flow rate on the cross-flow heat transfer were investigated and results show that the temperature profile of the area in front of the heating pipe is slightly affected by all the operating conditions. The main area whose temperature profile is influenced is located behind the heating pipe. The heat transfer direction is related to the direction of the flow. In order to obtain the basic parameters for radial flow reactor designing calculation, the dimensionless number group method was used for data fitting of the bed effective thermal conductivity and the wall heat transfer coefficient which were calculated by the mathematical model with the product of Reynolds number and Prandtl number. The comparison of experimental data and calculated values shows that the calculated values fit the experimental data satisfactorily and the formulas can be used for reactor designing calculation.     

Poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐pentaerythritol tetraacrylate‐co‐butyl methacrylate)‐g‐polystyrene: Synthesis and high oil‐absorption property

Well‐defined high oil‐absorption resin was successfully prepared via living radical polymerization on surface of polystyrene resin‐supported N‐chlorosulfonamide group utilizing methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate as monomers, ferric trichloride/iminodiacetic acid (FeCl₃/IDA) as catalyst system, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate as crosslinker, and L ‐ascorbic acid as reducing agent. The polymerization proceeded in a “living” polymerization manner as indicated by linearity kinetic plot of the polymerization. Effects of crosslinker, catalyst, macroinitiator, reducing agent on polymerization and absorption property were discussed in detail. The chemical structure of sorbent was determined by FTIR spectrometry. The oil‐absorption resin shows a toluene absorption capacity of 21 g g^?1. The adsorption of oil behaves as pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model rather than pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013     

Direct Henry reactions with modified calcium oxide as solid catalyst

Commercial CaO was modified simply with benzyl bromide. The modified CaO had good water resistance, and characterization by FTIR and TG revealed the modifier was chemically bonded to the CaO surface. Commercial CaO and CaO modified with benzyl bromide were investigated as catalysts for the Henry reaction between benzaldehyde and nitromethane. It was found that the catalytic activity of the modified CaO was greatly improved, with high conversion of benzaldehyde to the (E)-phenyl nitroolefin and 1-phenyl-2-nitroethanol, and with different selectivity from commercial CaO. The effect of modification and reaction conditions on yield, selectivity, and mechanism were studied thoroughly.     

考虑液面凹陷时金属熔化与蒸发的数值研究

将关于液面凹陷的Young-Laplace方程与关于金属溶池的流体力学方程组及关于金属蒸发的ＢＧＫ方程联立求解，在给定的电子枪加热条件下，获得了熔池流场和温度场图像及金属蒸气密度、速度和温度分布.数值计算结果表明，随电子枪功率增加，金属的蒸发速率增加，蒸气的密度增大、温度降低而速度升高.与假设液面为平面的情况相比，考虑液面凹陷后求得的液面温度较低，金属的蒸发速率较小，并且这种差别随电子枪功率的增加而扩大.因此对于高功率电子枪加热金属蒸发，必须考虑液面凹陷的影响才能得到符合实际的结果. 关键词： 液面凹陷 Young-Laplace方程 熔池 金属蒸发     

利用自电离探测技术研究Sm原子Rydberg态光谱

采用孤立实激发与自电离探测技术相结合的方法对Sm原子偶宇称高激发态进行了系统研究.按照不同的自电离通道将所测数据进行了分类和比较,并进行了详细讨论.不仅报道了许多收敛于不同电离限的Rydberg态的能级位置和跃迁的相对强度等信息,而且还把处于同一能域内的Rydberg态和价态进行了辨识.另外,不但提供了一种有效识别不同类型的高激发态的鉴别技术,而且还对处于41800 cm^-1到43800 cm^-1能域内的Rydberg态和价态的光谱特性进行了详细分析和讨论. 关键词： 自电离探测 Rydberg态 Sm原子     

用于红外激光防护的高开关率VO2薄膜

采用反应离子束溅射和后退火处理技术在石英玻璃基底上制备了具有纳米粒子的二氧化钒(VO₂)薄膜. 该薄膜具有半导体-金属相变特性,在3 μm处的开关率达到76.6%。 热致相变实验结果给出了准确的最佳退火温度为465 ℃. 仿真、热致相变和光致相变实验都显示VO₂薄膜在红外波段具有很高的光学开关特性. 光电池防护实验结果显示VO₂薄膜将硅光电池的抗干扰能力提升了2.6倍, 证明了VO₂在激光防护中的适用性. 采用连续可调节系统研究得到VO₂在室温条件下的相变阈值功率密度为4.35 W/cm², 损伤阈值功率密度为404 W/cm²。 低相变阈值和高损伤阈值都进一步证明VO₂薄膜适用于激光防护系统。本实验制备的VO₂薄膜在光开关、光电存储器、智能窗等方面也具有广泛的应用价值.     

利用倒谱方法实现气声发育的重建

本文介绍了一种利用复倒谱来实现气声发音重建的方法。首先分析了气声发音的语音特征；进而在复倒谱序列中加入基频特征使其恢复到正常的语音。对元音［a］以及实际语音段进行了处理，均有较好的效果。     

Sol-gel法制备CaSnO_3∶Eu~(3+)发光粉过程中添加PEG的作用

采用sol-gel法制备CaSnO3:Eu3+荧光粉。研究了在制备过程中添加表面活性剂聚乙二醇(PEG10000)对CaSnO3:Eu3+结构、粒度、形貌及发光性能的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、激光粒度仪,扫描电镜(SEM)及荧光分光光度计对样品进行了表征。结果表明:在制备过程中添加PEG没有改变样品的结构,很好地改善样品粒度以及形貌,荧光粉的相对发光强度也稍有增强。     

Mn12-Ac磁性分子团簇单晶的热重-差热分析与结构转变

通过热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)，考察了Mn12-Ac磁性分子晶体从室温到270℃的热失重过程.结合x射线粉末衍射分析，认为在第一个失重阶段，即25—110℃，Mn12-Ac失去了处于团簇分子间隙的结晶乙酸和结晶水，同时失去了团簇分子中与4个Mn3+配位的4个H2O，Mn12-Ac单晶结构被破坏，但是团簇分子的基本结构依然存在；在第二个失重阶段，即180—230℃，Mn12-Ac转变为γ-Mn2O3，其中混有少量Mn3O4. 关键词： Mn12 分子团簇 热重-差热分析 x射线衍射     

基于均匀设计优化深山草莓花瓣离体培养及植株再生体系

应用均匀设计法对深山草莓花瓣诱导愈伤组织和愈伤组织再分化芽苗的主要因子和水平进行了探讨.结果表明,深山草莓花瓣愈伤组织诱导的适宜培养基为LS+TDZ 2.06 mg.L-1+2,4-D 0.60 mg.L-1,诱导率为98%;愈伤组织再分化芽苗的适宜培养基为1/2 LS+TDZ 2.30 mg.L-1+NAA 0.10 mg.L-1+KT1.30 mg.L-1,分化率为96.3%.炼苗移栽后观察植株的形态、花、果及生长等特征,以筛选具有优良性状的株系.