数字微流控技术及其在生物分析中的应用

数字微流控技术是一种基于微电极阵列来实现离散液滴精确控制的新型液滴操纵技术。这种基于介电润湿现象实现的液滴电操纵体系,相比于传统微流控芯片具有自动化、可寻址、可动态配置、易集成等特点。该文介绍了数字微流控技术液滴驱动原理,总结了芯片的结构和常用的制作方法,举例阐述了现阶段该技术在生物分析化学领域的应用,并对其应用前景做了展望。     

Physical characterization of uranium oxide pellets and powder applied in the Nuclear Forensics International Technical Working Group Collaborative Materials Exercise 4

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Physical characterization is one of the most broad and important categories of techniques to apply in a nuclear forensic examination. Physical...     

多功能脂质体递药系统

脂质体是第一种成功进入临床应用,也是目前进入临床应用最多的一类纳米递药体系,将药物装载于脂质体中可以实现降低非特异性吸收、提高靶组织的富集量、降低副作用等目的。但是当前的脂质体技术仍然存在着诸多缺陷,例如载药量低以及靶向效果差等。新的脂质体载药技术的发展使得脂质体的载药量和包封率有了很大的提升。将热、激光、超声、离子辐射等外源物理刺激与脂质体药物结合可以提高脂质体药物在肿瘤的富集量,同时调节药物的释放。脂质体独特的核壳结构使得脂质体可以同时装载多种药物从而实现联合给药,通过合理设计脂质体纳米材料的结构不仅能够实现多种药物的递送,还能够实现药物的程序性释放。脂质体不仅能够装载治疗性药物,还能装载具有造影功能的组分,从而实现对治疗过程的影像监控。本文将主要介绍近五年在脂质体的载药方法、靶向给药、药物控释、联合给药、影像可视化等方面的一些重要进展。     

Giant Hysteretic Single‐Molecule Electric Polarisation Switching above Room Temperature

Continual progress has been achieved in information technology through unrelenting miniaturisation of the single memory bit in integrated ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, optical, and related circuits. However, as miniaturisation approaches its theoretical limit, new memory materials are being sought. Herein, we report a unique material exhibiting single‐molecule electric polarisation switching that can operate above room temperature. The phenomenon occurs in a Preyssler‐type polyoxometalate (POM) cluster we call a single‐molecule electret (SME). It exhibits all the characteristics of ferroelectricity but without long‐range dipole ordering. The SME affords bi‐stability as a result of the two potential positions of localisation of a Tb³⁺ ion trapped in the POM, resulting in extremely slow relaxation of the polarisation and electric hysteresis with high spontaneous polarisation and coercive electric fields. Our findings suggest that SMEs can potentially be applied to ultrahigh‐density memory 1 and other molecular‐level electronic devices operating above room temperature. 2     

A Multi‐Component Sensor System for Detection of Amphiphilic Compounds

Many biologically important compounds are amphiphilic in character. Glycolipids, for example, represent a biologically important class of amphiphiles. Receptors and sensors for such compounds must also be amphiphilic making them a challenge to prepare. Here, a cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])‐based sensor system has been prepared and tested for detection of amphiphilic compounds. This multi‐component system consists: a CB[8], which acts as a hydrophobic lipid receptor, a hydrophilic pyridinium‐based carbohydrate receptor, and a fluorescent indicator. The system self‐assembles in aqueous solution. The pyridinium quenches the fluorescence of the indicator giving a strong turn‐on response when it is displaced by the analyte. The sensor system was characterized by NMR, X‐ray crystallography, and fluorescence titrations.     

Catalytic removal of soot particles over MnCo<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> catalysts prepared by the auto-combustion method

Soot removal for exhaust gas from diesel engine has been addressed due to the more stringent legislation and environmental concerns. MnCo₂O₄ catalysts were systematically prepared using glucose as a fuel via the auto-combustion method and applied for soot removal. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), O₂-temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) reaction and H₂-temperature-programmed reduction reaction (H₂-TPR). The catalytic activities for soot combustion were evaluated by micro activity test (MAT) with a tight contact mode between soot and catalysts. Compared with catalysts prepared by the solid state method without glucose, auto-combustion method in the presence of glucose can decrease the synthetic temperature, avoiding high temperature treatment and sintering. The catalysts prepared with glucose could catalyze soot oxidation effectively and the derived values of T₁₀, T₅₀, and T₉₀ were 326, 408, and 468 °C in a tight contact mode, respectively, showing a significant drop of T₁₀, T₅₀, and T₉₀ by 156, 177, and 178 °C for non-catalytic reaction.     

Structural Characterization and In Vitro Antitumor Activity of a Novel Exopolysaccharide from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lachnum</Emphasis> YM130

Exopolysaccharide of Lachnum YM130 (LEP) was purified by diethylaminoethyl cellulose 52 and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. LEP-2a was identified to be a homogeneous component with an average molecular weight of 1.31?×?10⁶ Da, which was consisted of mannose and galactose in a molar ratio of 3.8:1.0. The structure of LEP-2a was characterized by methylation analysis, FT-IR analysis, and NMR analysis. Results indicated that LEP-2a was a galactomannan with a backbone, composed of 1,2-linked-α-D-Manp, 1,2,6-linked-α-D-Manp, 1,3,4-linked-α-D-Manp, and 1,3-linked-β-D-Galp, which was substituted at O-2, O-3, O-4, and O-6 by branches. In vitro antitumor activity assay proved that LEP-2a could significantly enhance the inhibitory effectiveness of 5-FU on Hela cells at the concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 μg/mL. The above results suggested that LEP-2a could be seen as a potential source for developing novel antineoplastic agents.     

新型BiOI/g-C3N4纳米片复合光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化活性增强

近年来, 石墨型氮化碳(g-C3N4)作为一种n型半导体光催化剂材料, 由于具有较好的热稳定性和化学稳定性, 同时具有可调的带隙结构和优异的表面性质而备受人们关注. 然而, 传统的g-C3N4块体材料存在比表面积小、光响应范围窄和光生载流子易复合等缺陷, 制约着其光催化活性的进一步提高. 因此, 人们开发了多种技术对块体状g-C3N4材料进行改性,其中构建基于g-C3N4纳米薄片的异质结复合光催化材料被认为是强化g-C3N4载流子分离效率, 进而提高其可见光催化活性的重要手段. BiOI作为一种窄带隙的p型半导体光催化剂, 具有强的可见光吸收能力和较高的光催化活性, 同时它与g-C3N4纳米薄片具有能级匹配的带隙结构. 因此, 基于以上两种半导体材料的特性, 构建新型的BiOI/g-C3N4纳米片复合光催化剂材料不仅能够有效提高g-C3N4的可见光利用率, 而且还可以在n型g-C3N4和p型BiOI界面间形成内建电场, 极大促进光生电子-空穴对的分离与迁移效率.为此, 本文通过简单的一步溶剂热法在g-C3N4纳米薄片表面原位生长BiOI纳米片材料, 成功制备了新型的BiOI/g-C3N4纳米片复合光催化剂. 利用X射线衍射仪(XRD), 场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和瞬态光电流响应谱对所合成复合光催化剂的晶体结构、微观形貌、光吸收性能和电荷分离性能进行了表征测试. XRD, SEM和TEM结果显示, 结晶完好的BiOI呈小片状均匀分散在g-C3N4纳米薄片表面; 紫外漫反射光谱表明, 纳米片复合材料的吸光性能较g-C3N4薄片有显著提升; 瞬态光电流测试证明, 复合材料较单一材料有更好的电荷分离与迁移性能.在可见光催化降解RhB的测试中, BiOI/g-C3N4纳米片复合光催化剂显示出了优异的催化活性和稳定性, 其光降解活性分别为纯BiOI和g-C3N4的34.89和1.72倍; 自由基捕获实验发现, 反应过程中的主要活性物种为超氧自由基(·O2-), 即光生电子主导整个降解反应的发生. 由此可见, 强的可见光吸收能力和g-C3N4与BiOI界面处形成的内建电场协同促进了g-C3N4纳米薄片的电荷分离, 进而显著提高了该复合材料的可见光催化降解活性. 此外, 本文初步验证了在BiOI/g-C3N4纳米片复合光催化体系内光生电荷是依据"双向转移"机制进行分离和迁移的, 而非"Z型转移"机制.     

离子型共价有机框架材料的合成及其催化性能（英文）

共价有机框架(COFs)材料是在拓扑学基础上发展起来的一类新型有机晶体多孔聚合物.由于COFs材料具有较高的比表面积、良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性、可设计的孔结构以及容易修饰改性的特点,目前广泛用作催化剂或催化剂载体.COFs的构筑单体为有机小分子,其来源广泛且种类繁多,使得构筑单体多样化,便于通过构筑单体来调控目标材料的结构和功能.近年来对COFs的研究已经引起人们广泛关注.离子框架材料在气体分子的吸附与分离领域展示了良好性能,通过简单的离子交换过程,可以容易地将具有特定尺寸和功能的反离子引入到框架结构中来调控孔的尺寸大小,从而实现混合气体的有效分离.然而,在催化领域目前尚未见将具有特定催化功能的反离子基团引入到框架之中,研究离子框架材料的催化性能.本文设计合成了一种负电荷为骨架结构的离子型COFs材料.我们首先选取一种化学结构稳定的COF作为骨架前驱体,其中的单体具有可反应的活性基团酚羟基,然后通过与1,3-丙烷磺酸内酯进行开环反应,将烷基磺酸引入到孔中,经过弱碱处理后得到阴离子型COFs(I-COFs),然后通过简单的离子交换过程将具有催化活性的Mn2+以及[Mn(bpy)2]2+配位阳离子分别引入到COFs框架中,得到具有催化功能的新材料.我们考察了两种I-COFs对烯烃氧化制环氧化合物的催化性能,发现所得离子COFs对不同的反应底物均展示了较高的环氧化催化性能.结果证实了离子I-COF催化反应为多相催化,还表现出I-COFs催化剂具有较高的稳定性以及循环使用性能.我们认为,通过简单的离子交换过程,能够赋予I-COFs材料各种不同的功能,从而实现COFs在不同领域的应用.这为多孔材料的功能化设计提供了新的化学平台.     

One-pot,microwave-assisted synthesis of polymethylene-bridged bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(3)-amines) and their tautomerism

A highly selective and efficient method for the synthesis of 3,3′(5,5′)-polymethylene-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(3)-amines) was developed using the reaction of dicarboxylic acids and aminoguanidine in an aqueous medium. This one-pot, microwave-promoted method was proved to be scalable affording the desired products in good yields and purity. The scope of the method was successfully explored by the preparation of a small library of polymethylene-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(3)-amines) with different alkyl chain linkers. The annular prototropic tautomerism in the prepared compounds was studied using NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.