The Wiedemannben Franz law in a normal metalben superconductor junction

In this paper the influence of superconducting correlations on the thermal and charge conductances in a normal metal-superconductor (NS) junction in the clean limit is studied theoretically. First we solve the quasiclassical Eilenberger equations, and using the obtained density of states we can acquire the thermal and electrical conductances for the NS junction. Then we compare the conductance in a normal region of an NS junction with that in a single layer of normal metal (N). Moreover, we study the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law for these two cases (N and NS). From our calculations we conclude that the behaviour of the NS junction does not conform to the WF law for all temperatures. The effect of the thickness of normal metal on the thermal conductivity is also theoretically investigated in the paper.     

The Chromatic Index of a Graph Whose Core is a Cycle of Order at Most 13

Let G be a graph. The core of G, denoted by G _Δ, is the subgraph of G induced by the vertices of degree Δ(G), where Δ(G) denotes the maximum degree of G. A k -edge coloring of G is a function f : E(G) → L such that |L| = k and f (e ₁) ≠ f (e ₂) for all two adjacent edges e ₁ and e ₂ of G. The chromatic index of G, denoted by χ′(G), is the minimum number k for which G has a k-edge coloring. A graph G is said to be Class 1 if χ′(G) = Δ(G) and Class 2 if χ′(G) = Δ(G) + 1. In this paper it is shown that every connected graph G of even order whose core is a cycle of order at most 13 is Class 1.     

Note on new solutions of LR fuzzy linear systems using ranking functions and ABS algorithms

Recently, Ghanbari and Mahdavi-Amiri focused on solving LR fuzzy linear systems by use of ranking functions. They applied a ranking function introduced by Cheng, which is based on the centroid point, to illustrate their method. Also, they presented an important lemma using the centroid formulae provided by Cheng, to determine the centroid point for a class of fuzzy numbers. Unfortunately, they didn’t consider that the formulae are incorrect and have led to some misapplications as pointed out by Wang and his colleagues. Therefore, in this paper, we first show that Lemma 19 of Ghanbari and Mahdavi-Amiri’s paper is not true and then correct it using the centroid formulae suggested by Wang. Finally, we correct the results obtained in Ghanbari and Mahdavi-Amiri’s paper for a special example.     

An experimental investigation of creaming phenomenon using a novel optical method: A case study of mineral oil-in-water emulsion

The present study elucidates the creaming phenomenon of mineral oil-in-water macroemulsion using a new noninvasive method based on turbidimetry. Additionally, microscopic observation of the phenomenon is carried out to derive an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms. Accumulation of the particles in the emulsions under the formed cream is monitored during a relatively prolonged period of time. Backflow of continuous and dispersed phases in temporary channels is observed at the proximity of the cream. In addition to the backflow, a high traffic density of the dispersed particles and deflocculation of the cream are the main reasons for the accumulation of the dispersed phase particles and a temporary stability against creaming. The deflocculation hinders cream growth and increases the stratification of the cream. A low concentration zone of the dispersed phase with the width of ～100?µm is observed under the cream.     

MCM-41 Catalyzed Efficient Regioselective Synthesis of β-Aminoalcohol under Solvent-free Conditions

β‐Aminoalcohols were synthesized in high yields by reaction of epoxides with amines in the presence of MCM‐41 as a green and reusable catalyst under solvent‐free conditions.     

Phosphido‐diphosphine pincer group 3 complexes as efficient initiators for lactide polymerization

New Group 3 metal complexes of the type [LM(CH₂SiMe₃)₂(THF)_n] supported by tridentate phosphido‐diphosphine ligands [(o‐C₆H₄PR₂) ₂ PH; L1‐H : R = iPr; L2‐H : R = Ph] have been synthesized by reaction of L1‐H and L2‐H with [M(CH₂SiMe₃)₃(THF)₂)] (M = Y and Sc). All the new complexes [(o‐C₆H₄PR₂) ₂ PM(CH₂SiMe₃)₂(THF)_n] [M = Y, R = iPr (1), R = Ph (2); M = Sc, R = iPr (3), R = Ph (4)] were studied as initiators for the ring opening polymerization of lactide. The yttrium complexes ( 1 and 2 ) exhibited high activity and good polymerization control, shown by the linear fits in the plot of number‐averaged molecular weight (M_n) versus the percentage conversion and versus the monomer/initiator ratio and by the low polydispersity index values. Interestingly, very good molar‐mass control was observed even when L ‐Lactide was polymerized in the absence of solvent at 130 °C. A good molar‐mass control but lower activities were observed in the polymerization reaction of lactide promoted by the analogous scandium complexes 3 and 4 . © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1374–1382, 2010     

Decision making under uncertainty with fuzzy targets

This paper discusses the issue of how to use fuzzy targets in the target-based model for decision making under uncertainty. After introducing a target-based interpretation of the expected value on which it is shown that this model implicitly assumes a neutral behavior on attitude about the target, we examine the issue of using fuzzy targets considering different attitudes about the target selection of the decision maker. We also discuss the problem for situations on which the decision maker’s attitude about target may change according to different states of nature. Especially, it is shown that the target-based approach can provide an unified way for solving the problem of fuzzy decision making with uncertainty about the state of nature and imprecision about payoffs. Several numerical examples are given for illustration of the discussed issues.     

The first report on the catalytic oxidation of urazoles to their corresponding triazolinediones via in situ catalytic generation of Br using periodic acid or oxone/KBr system

A combination of periodic acid or oxone^® and a catalytic amount of KBr in the presence of few drops of water, were used for the catalytic oxidation of urazoles and bis-urazoles to their corresponding triazolinediones under mild and heterogeneous conditions with moderate to excellent yields.     

Novel polyimides obtained from a new aromatic diamine (BAPO) containing pyridine and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moieties for removal of Co(II) and Ni(II) ions

Novel, thermally stable polyimides (PIs) containing a 1,3,4‐oxadiazole and pyridine moieties based on a new aromatic diamine 2,5‐bis‐(aminopyridine‐2‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole, BAPO, were synthesized. The prepared polymers were soluble in dimethysulfoxide (DMSO) and concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature as well as in polar and aprotic solvents, such as, N‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) at elevated temperature. Thermal behaviors of the PIs were studied by thermogravimetric analysis/dynamic thermal analysis (TGA‐DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The inherent viscosities of the PI solutions were in the range of 0.38–0.61 dl/g (in DMSO with a concentration of 0.125 g/dl at 25 ± 0.5°C). The removal of Co(II) and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions was performed using polymer 6, which was obtained from BAPO and 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA). The maximum adsorption capacity was observed for Co(II) ion at pH = 7.0 (110.4 mg g^?1, 1.87 mmol g^?1). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.