Non-local quantum functions and the distributed Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm

Non-local implementations of quantum gates are a vital part of quantum networks. We find an optimal non-local implementation of quantum functions, the quantum gate equivalent of a switch statement. Then, we apply this result to the Deutsch-Jozsa problem, obtaining a distributed Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm and we show the relative efficiency improvement. As an application, we find a non-cooperative game based upon the original Deutsch-Jozsa problem where a classical agent has at most a 50% probability of winning, while a quantum agent can win every time.     

Three novel crustulinol esters, saponaceols A-C, from Tricholoma saponaceum

Three novel triterpene esters, saponaceols A (1), B (2), and C (3) were isolated from the fruiting body of the fungus Tricholoma saponaceum, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR experiments. Saponaceol A (1) exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against HL-60 cells.     

Persistent step-flow growth of strained films on vicinal substrates

We propose a model of persistent step flow, emphasizing dominant kinetic processes and strain effects. Within this model, we construct a morphological phase diagram, delineating a regime of step flow from regimes of step bunching and island formation. In particular, we predict the existence of concurrent step bunching and island formation, a new growth mode that competes with step flow for phase space, and show that the deposition flux and temperature must be chosen within a window in order to achieve persistent step flow. The model rationalizes the diverse growth modes observed in pulsed laser deposition of SrRuO3 on SrTiO3.     

A convenient method for synthesizing modified 4-nitrophenols

[reaction: see text] Beta-nitroenamine having a formyl group behaves as the synthetic equivalent of unstable nitromalonaldehyde upon treatment with ketones under basic conditions and leads to 2,6-disubstituted 4-nitrophenols. The present method is safer than the conventional one using sodium nitromalonaldehyde and enables the preparation of hitherto unknown nitrophenols.     

Fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography of trace microamounts of phosphate by oxidation of thiamine to thiochrome

Summary A highly sensitive fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography, based on the fluorescence of thiochrome which is formed from oxidation of thiamine by the molybdoheteropoly acid of phosphate has been developed for the determination of trace microamounts of phosphate. The method permits the determination of phosphate in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 ng as P/10 l sample solution (3.23×10^–7 to 3.23×10^–6 mol l^–3 as P or PO₄), and it may be possible to apply the proposed method to the microanalysis of phosphate in various biological samples.

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Fluorescenz-HPLC von Spuren-Phosphat durch Oxidation von Thiamin zu Thiochrom

     

Magnetism in all-carbon nanostructures with negative Gaussian curvature

We apply the ab initio spin density functional theory to study magnetism in all-carbon nanostructures. We find that particular systems, which are related to schwarzite and contain no undercoordinated carbon atoms, carry a net magnetic moment in the ground state. We postulate that, in this and other nonalternant aromatic systems with negative Gaussian curvature, unpaired spins can be introduced by sterically protected carbon radicals.     

The Cost Effects of Statistical Sampling in Selecting the Reorder Point in a Common Inventory Model

The establishment of a reorder point in an inventory control system typically requires values for the mean and the standard deviation of the demand during the replenishment lead time. These quantities are usually estimated from some sample demand data. In this paper, for a common type of control system, we develop the expected percentage cost penalty of using this approach as compared with knowing the true values of the mean and standard deviation. This should be of use to practitioners in developing guidelines as to how much sample data is needed to keep average cost penalties reasonably low.     

Design and preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) flexible nanocomposite films containing silica nanoparticles with citric acid and ascorbic acid linkages as a novel nanofiller through a green route

To prevent SiO₂ nanoparticles (SNPs) from aggregation, surface modification of them was performed using bio-safe citric acid (CA) and L(+)-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) for the first time. After that, NC films of well-dispersed modified SiO₂(Mod-SiO₂) in a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix (PVA/Mod-SiO₂) were prepared using the solution casting method. The prepared NC films loaded with different mass fractions (4, 8, and 12 wt.%) of Mod-SiO₂ were analyzed by several techniques. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that Mod-SiO₂ with sizes ranging between 23–27 nm is dispersed in the PVA matrix. With thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) the amount of attached modifiers was estimated at 13 wt.%. TGA results also indicated that the incorporation of Mod-SiO₂ in the PVA matrix can improve its thermal stability.     

Effects of the HCN adsorption on the structural and electronic parameters of the beryllium oxide nanotube

The adsorption behavior of the HCN on the surface of beryllium oxide nanotube (BeONT) is studied by the density functional theory. Geometrical parameters, electronic properties and adsorption energies have been calculated for the BeONT and fourteen different HCN configurations on the nanotube. According to the obtained results, the process of the HCN molecule adsorption on different sites on the external surface of the nanotube is exothermic and all of the configurations are stable, while the process of HCN molecule adsorption on the internal surface of the BeONT is endothermic. The adsorption energy values indicate that the HCN molecule can be physically adsorbed on the surface of the BeONT. Furthermore, the HOMO–LUMO gap (Eg) of the BeONT decreases upon the HCN adsorption, resulting in the enhancement of the electrical conductivity. The AIM theory has been also utilized to analyze the properties of the bond critical points: their electron densities and their Laplacians. NBO analysis indicates that the HCN molecule can be adsorbed on the surface of the nanotube with a charge transfer from nanotube to HCN molecule. Due to the physisorption, NQR parameters of nanotube are also altered. In order to examine the deformation degree of the nanotube after HCN molecule adsorption, deformation energy is calculated, which indicates that no significant curvature in the geometry of the nanotubes is occurred when HCN adsorbs onto the surface of BeONT.     

Binuclear aluminum complexes with amine–imine type ligands derived from 1,3-benzenedialdehyde: synthesis,structures and their catalytic properties in ring-opening polymerization

Reaction of 1,3-bis(imino)benzenes with a stoichiometric amount of LiAlH₄ in THF yields iminoaminobenzenes L1 and L2. Further reaction of iminoaminobenzenes L1 and L2 with an equivalent of AlR₃ in toluene affords macrocyclic binuclear aluminum complexes 1a, 1b, and 2a. These macrocyclic aluminum complexes were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The molecular structures of 1a, 1b, and 2a were further confirmed by X-ray crystallography. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that 1a, 1b, and 2a adopted a distorted tetrahedral geometry around aluminum. These complexes have efficient activities toward ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of benzyl alcohol.