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921.
Tailorable PC71BM Isomers: Using the Most Prevalent Electron Acceptor to Obtain High‐Performance Polymer Solar Cells
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Xin‐Xing Zhan Xin Zhang Si‐Min Dai Shu‐Hui Li Xu‐Zhai Lu Dr. Lin‐Long Deng Prof. Su‐Yuan Xie Prof. Rong‐Bin Huang Prof. Lan‐Sun Zheng 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(52):18709-18713
Despite being widely used as electron acceptor in polymer solar cells, commercially available PC71BM (phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester) usually has a “random” composition of mixed regioisomers or stereoisomers. Here PC71BM has been isolated into three typical isomers, α‐, β1‐ and β2‐PC71BM, to establish the isomer‐dependent photovoltaic performance on changing the ternary composition of α‐, β1‐ and β2‐PC71BM. Mixing the isomers in a ratio of α/β1/β2=8:1:1 resulted in the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.67 % for the polymer solar cells with PTB7:PC71BM as photoactive layer (PTB7=poly[[4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl][3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl]]). The three typical PC71BM isomers, even though sharing similar LUMO energy levels and light absorption, render starkly different photovoltaic performances with average‐performing PCE of 1.28–7.44 % due to diverse self‐aggregation of individual or mixed PC71BM isomers in the otherwise same polymer solar cells. 相似文献
922.
Do-Geun Jang Jinju Kim Inhyuk Nam Min Sup Hur Hyyong Suk 《Current Applied Physics》2012,12(5):1252-1255
Generation of strong THz waves is a very important and difficult research issue. We performed particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation studies to investigate the possibility of powerful THz generation and spectrum controllability by using a laser-driven plasma wave. Our results show that it is possible to produce spectrum-controllable high-power (>1 MV/cm) THz waves by manipulating the plasma density profiles. This method may provide a good way for coherent high-power THz radiation sources, of which the spectrum ranges from a narrow bandwidth to a wide bandwidth. 相似文献
923.
基于失效情景的应急设施选址问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
非常规突发事件巨大的破坏力以及发生时间、地点和规模的不确定性,使应急系统内设施有可能被破坏而失效,因此选址时必须考虑设施失效情景的发生.给出以最大限度覆盖用户需求为目标,基于失效设施数目具有不确定性情景的设施选址双层随机规划模型;通过计算模型上下界,给出减小规模的等价模型,降低了双层规划求解难度;最后实验验证了模型的合理性,并给出新增选址方案. 相似文献
924.
The enhanced biological activities of three Zn (II) complexes based on different 1,2,4‐triazole fungicides
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Guo‐yu Ren Jie Li Xu‐zhan Wei Jin‐hua Zhou Biao Yan Zhao‐qi Guo Ying‐hui Ren Xiao‐hong Sun Hai‐xia Ma 《应用有机金属化学》2018,32(9)
In order to screen effective fungicides, three Zn (II) complexes, [Zn L 1 4 (NO3)2]·2H2O·2EtOH ( 1 ), [Zn L 2 4 (NO3)2] ( 2 ), and [Zn L 3 4 (DMF)2](NO3)2 ( 3 ), ( L 1 = paclobutrazol, L 2 = diniconazole, and L 3 = hexaconazole), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal XRD. The antifungal activities of these complexes were then evaluated against four selected fungi using the mycelial growth rate method. The resulting data indicate that all the complexes show the enhanced antifungal activities than the corresponding ligand and mixtures. And, the interactions between the metal salt and ligands in the three complexes seem to be synergistic. According to the study of the influence of the structures on the activity, complex 2 with C=C linkage and 2,4‐dichlorophenyl moieties enhances the bioactivity significantly, especially against Wheat gibberellic ( II ). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to help explain the enhanced bioactivity of the Zn (II) complexes. Meanwhile, all complexes are excellent grow‐regulators, especially complex 3 . The resulting data show that the complexes based on triazole fungicides have the potential applications in agriculture. 相似文献
925.
Jong Min Park Chang Young Jung Joong Hyun Cho Dae Hyun Kim Yue Wang Jae Yun Jaung 《Tetrahedron letters》2018,59(35):3322-3325
New quinoxaline-based organic sensitizer bearing di-anchoring group for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was synthesized from diethyl 4,5-diaminophthaltate, in which was prepared under mild condition by using Takehito’s method. The synthesized sensitizer was compared with mono-anchoring sensitizer through absorption spectra, emission spectra, J-V curve, and IPCE spectra, indicating the di-anchoring group leads to a noticeable improvement of Jsc value owing to more efficient intramolecular charge transfer and channel number increment. 相似文献
926.
927.
Ethylene polymerization with long‐lifetime monopendant thienyl‐substituted group 4 metallocenes
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A series of group 4 metallocenes (RCp)[Cp―(bridge)―(2‐C4H3S)]MCl2 [M = Ti ( C1 , C2 , C3 , C4 ); M = Zr ( C5 , C6 , C7 , C8 )] bearing a pendant thiophene group on a cyclopentadienyl ring have been synthesized, characterized and tested as catalyst precursors for ethylene polymerization. The molecular structures of representative titanocenes C2 and C4 were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and revealed that both complexes exist in an expected coordination environment for a monomeric bent metallocene. No intramolecular coordination between the thiophene group and the titanium center could be observed in the solid state. Upon activation by methylaluminoxane (MAO), titanocenes C1 , C2 , C3 , C4 showed moderate catalytic activities and produced high‐ or ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (Mv 70.5–227.1 × 104 g mol?1). Titanocene C3 is more active and long‐lived, with a lifetime of nearly 9 h at 30 °C. At elevated temperatures of 80–110 °C, zirconocenes C5 , C6 , C7 , C8 displayed high catalytic activities (up to 27.6 × 105 g PE (mol Zr)?1 h?1), giving high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (Mv 11.2–53.7 × 104 g mol?1). Even at 80 °C, a long lifetime of at least 2 h was observed for the C8/MAO catalyst system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
928.
Dolores Bellido-Milla Laura Ma Cubillana-Aguilera Mohammed El Kaoutit Ma Purificación Hernández-Artiga José Luis Hidalgo-Hidalgo de Cisneros Ignacio Naranjo-Rodríguez José Ma Palacios-Santander 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(11):3525-3539
Graphite powder-based electrodes have the electrochemical performance of quasi-noble metal electrodes with intrinsic advantages related to the possibility of modification to enhance selectivity and their easily renewable surface, with no need for hazardous acids or bases for their cleaning. In contrast with commercial electrodes, for example screen-printed or sputtered-chip electrodes, graphite powder-based electrodes can also be fabricated in any laboratory with the form and characteristics desired. They are also readily modified with advanced materials, with relatively high reproducibility. All these characteristics make them a very interesting option for obtaining a large variety of electrodes to resolve different kinds of analytical problems. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art, advantages, and disadvantages of graphite powder-based electrodes in electrochemical analysis in the 21st century. It includes recent trends in carbon paste electrodes, devoting special attention to the use of emergent materials as new binders and to the development of other composite electrodes. The most recent advances in the use of graphite powder-modified sol–gel electrodes are also described. The development of sonogel–carbon electrodes and their use in electrochemical sensors and biosensors is included. These materials extend the possibilities of applications, especially for industrial technology-transfer purposes, and their development could affect not only electroanalytical green chemistry but other interesting areas also, for example catalysis and energy conversion and storage. 相似文献
929.
In this paper, based on the asymptotic property of the solution, we derive the corresponding convergence rates in terms of the frequency for the direct-Filon and linear continuous collocation methods, which solves an open problem in Brunner (2010) [1]. Numerical tests verify that the asymptotic orders obtained are optimal. 相似文献
930.
Zhou WANG Rong LAI Min PENG Saili ZHENG Lianyun LI Kejia ZHU Xianfang XU Liuping CHEN Jianxin SHI 《大学化学》2018,33(10):39-44
A survey about students' laboratory safety and environmental protection consciousness was performed in the freshmen majored in chemistry at Sun Yat-Sen University. Results showed that laboratory safety and environmental protection consciousness of most students' are weak. After analyzing the reasons, we put forward some suggestions. Cultivating students' laboratory safety and environmental protection consciousness should be carried out from several aspects such as emphasizing and regulating from school level, training in laboratory teaching, maintaining good cultural atmosphere of laboratory, as well as providing perfect laboratory safety and environmental protection facilities. We should guide students to actively learn knowledge and skills of laboratory safety and environmental protection in order to develop their good behavior and raise their consciousness. 相似文献