Photocatalytic performance of nano-ZnTiO3 decorated with Ag/AgCl nanoparticles for degradation of the organic dyes

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Ag/AgCl/ZnTiO3 nanohybrids were assembled by the photoreduction–precipitation assisted with ultrasonic method. Rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB) and...     

Interaction of Hydrogen with Ceria: Hydroxylation,Reduction, and Hydride Formation on the Surface and in the Bulk

The study reports the first attempt to address the interplay between surface and bulk in hydride formation in ceria (CeO₂) by combining experiment, using surface sensitive and bulk sensitive spectroscopic techniques on the two sample systems, i.e., CeO₂(111) thin films and CeO₂ powders, and theoretical calculations of CeO₂(111) surfaces with oxygen vacancies (O_v) at the surface and in the bulk. We show that, on a stoichiometric CeO₂(111) surface, H₂ dissociates and forms surface hydroxyls (OH). On the pre-reduced CeO_2−x samples, both films and powders, hydroxyls and hydrides (Ce−H) are formed on the surface as well as in the bulk, accompanied by the Ce³⁺ ↔ Ce⁴⁺ redox reaction. As the O_v concentration increases, hydroxyl is destabilized and hydride becomes more stable. Surface hydroxyl is more stable than bulk hydroxyl, whereas bulk hydride is more stable than surface hydride. The surface hydride formation is the kinetically favorable process at relatively low temperatures, and the resulting surface hydride may diffuse into the bulk region and be stabilized therein. At higher temperatures, surface hydroxyls can react to produce water and create additional oxygen vacancies, increasing its concentration, which controls the H₂/CeO₂ interaction. The results demonstrate a large diversity of reaction pathways, which have to be taken into account for better understanding of reactivity of ceria-based catalysts in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere.     

NiS助催化剂的硫调控光沉积合成及其增强g-C3N4的光催化产氢性能

作为一种非金属聚合半导体,石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)具有特殊的能带结构、可见光响应能力以及优良的物理化学性质以及生产成本低等特点,因而已成为目前光催化领域的研究热点.然而,由于g-C3N4被光激发的电子与空穴极易复合,导致g-C3N4材料的光催化性能并不理想.而助剂修饰是实现光生载流子有效分离以提高光催化活性的有效途径.众所周知,贵金属Pt可以作为光催化产氢的反应位点,但高昂的成本限制了它的实际应用.所以,开发高效的非贵金属助剂很有必要.近年来,NiS作为优良的电子助剂在光催化领域受到广泛关注.大量研究表明,NiS可以作为g-C3N4的产氢活性位点用于提高其光催化产氢性能.NiS助剂主要是通过水热、煅烧和液相沉淀的方法修饰在g-C3N4的表面上.相较而言,助剂的光沉积方法具有一些独特的优势,例如节能、环保、简易并且能够实现其原位牢固地沉积在光催化剂的表面.然而g-C3N4光生电子和空穴强还原和氧化能力容易导致像Ni^2+的还原和S^2-的氧化等副反应发生,因此NiS助剂很难光沉积在g-C3N4材料表面.本文采用硫调控的光沉积法成功合成了NiS/g-C3N4光催化材料,该法利用g-C3N4在光照条件下产生的光生电子结合S以及Ni^2+生成NiS,然后原位沉积在g-C3N4表面.由于E0(S/NiS)(0.096 V)比E0(Ni^2+/Ni)(-0.23 V)更正,所以NiS优先原位沉积在g-C3N4表面.因此,硫调控的光沉积法促进了NiS的生成,并抑制了金属Ni等副反应的形成.通过X射线光电子能谱分析NiS/g-C3N4的表面化学态,表明该方法能成功地将NiS修饰在g-C3N4的表面,这也得到透射电镜和高分辨透射电镜结果的证实.光催化产氢的结果表明,NiS/g-C3N4光催化剂实现了良好的光催化性能,其最优产氢速率(244μmol h^?1 g^?1)接近于1 wt%Pt/g-C3N4(316μmol h^?1 g^?1).这是因为硫调控的光沉积法实现NiS助剂在g-C3N4表面的修饰,从而促进光生电子与空穴的有效分离,进而提高光催化制氢效率.此外,在该方法中,NiS的形成通常在g-C3N4光生电子的表面传输位点上,因此也能够使NiS提供更多的活性位点以提高界面产氢催化反应速率.电化学表征结果也进一步证明NiS/g-C3N4光催化剂加快了电子与空穴的分离和转移.更重要的是,这种简易且通用的方法还可以实现CoSx,CuSx,AgSx对g-C3N4的助剂修饰,并且都提高了g-C3N4的光催化产氢性能,表明该方法具有一定的普适性,为高效光催化材料的合成提供了新的思路.     

TiO2晶面依赖的Ir-TiOx相互作用对Ir/TiO2催化剂巴豆醛选择性加氢性能的影响

α,β-不饱和醇是一类重要的精细化学品,主要通过α,β-不饱和醛选择性加氢获得.由于α,β-不饱和醛分子中含有共轭的C=C键和C=O键,且后者键能更大,在热力学和动力学上均不利于C=O键的选择性加氢生成α,β-不饱和醇.因此,提高α,β-不饱和醛中C=O的加氢选择性是催化领域中一项挑战性的课题.巴豆醛属于典型的α,β-不饱和醛,研究其选择性加氢生成巴豆醇具有广泛的代表意义;Ir负载在具有还原性载体(如TiO2)上时,表现出很好的C=O加氢选择性,因此,成为近年来的研究热点.由于暴露不同晶面的TiO2具有不同的形貌和电子结构,因此研究Ir-TiO2相互作用的晶面依赖性及其对巴豆醛选择性加氢反应的影响具有重要意义.本文以分别暴露{101}、{100}和{001}晶面的锐钛矿TiO2纳米晶为载体,制备了负载型Ir/TiO2催化剂,系统研究了催化剂经过不同的预处理过程(在不同温度下H2还原和O2再氧化)后对巴豆醛的气相选择性加氢的性能.利用高分辨透射电镜、原位X射线光电子能谱和原位漫反射红外光谱及氨程序升温脱附等技术研究发现,预处理条件显著改变了Ir-TiOx的相互作用,包括Ir金属的几何、电子性质及催化剂表面酸性.这种相互作用与TiO2的暴露晶面密切相关,从而改变了不同Ir/TiO2催化剂上不同加氢反应行为.研究结果表明,经300℃预还原的Ir/TiO2-{101}催化剂催化性能最好,在80℃下初始反应速率为166.1 μmol g-Ir-1 s-1,巴豆醇的生成转化频率为0.022 s-1.与其他催化剂相比,Ir/TiO2-{101}催化剂表面Ir0浓度最高,表面酸度适中,因此表现出最佳的催化性能.同时Ir-TiOx界面在反应中的协同作用,对H2和巴豆醛分子中C=O键的吸附和活化起到了关键作用.然而当催化剂经过400℃的H2预还原后,由于产生了强的金属-载体相互作用使得TiOx对Ir粒子进行了包裹从而导致Ir-TiOx界面缺失,因而催化剂催化巴豆醛加氢性能降低.本文为理解金属-载体相互作用对巴豆醛选择性加氢反应的影响提供了新的见解,并为设计高性能α,β-不饱和醛选择性加氢催化剂提供了理论依据.     

Recent advances in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics and their applications

The abuse of antibiotics will cause an increase of drug-resistant strains and environmental pollution,which in turn will affect human health.Therefore,it is important to develop effective detection techniques to determine the level of antibiotics contamination in various fields.Compared with traditional detection methods,electrochemical sensors have received extensive attention due to their advantages such as high sensitivity,low detection limit,and good selectivity.In this mini review,we summarized the latest developments and new trends in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics.Here,modification methods and materials of electrode are discussed.We also pay more attention to the practical applications of antibiotics electrochemical sensors in different fields.In addition,the existing problems and the future challenges ahead have been proposed.We hope that this review can provide new ideas for the development of electrochemical sensors for antibiotics in the future.     

NiFe2O4对刚果红的光催化降解性能研究

采用水热法合成了尖晶石型NiFe₂O₄,并利用X射线粉末衍射仪对其物相进行了表征,利用紫外-可见分光光度计对其光催化降解刚果红的性能进行了研究。以刚果红为光催化降解底物,探究了刚果红初始浓度、催化剂用量、溶液pH、不同光源等因素对NiFe₂O₄光催化降解刚果红活性的影响。结果表明,当刚果红溶液浓度为20 mg/L、催化剂NiFe₂O₄的用量为0.065 g、pH 2~10、在太阳光下照射480 min时,刚果红的降解率高达99%以上,催化剂性能稳定,适合处理刚果红类有机污染物。     

Aryl groups,supplement of amino protecting group chemistry!

Amino group protective strategy has consequently emerged in multistep organic synthesis. Easy and selective deprotection procedures are crucial to facilitate the chemical transformation. Recently, Zhang's group from Henan Normal University collaborating with Chen's group of Nankai University developed a novel strategy for the regiospecific cleavage of inert aryl C-N bonds in N-aryl amides by hypervalent iodine(V) reagents. These procedures allow removal of sort of aryl groups under mild conditions to give primary amides in high efficiency. It bestows these aryl groups with the characteristics of amino protecting groups that might be the supplement of amino protecting group chemistry.     

Recent advances in bismuth vanadate-based photocatalysts for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Photoelectrochemical(PEC) technology is considered to be a promising approach for solar-driven hydrogen production with zero emissions. Bismuth vanadate(BiVO_4) is a kind of photocatalytic material with strong photoactivity in the visible light region and appropriate band gap for PEC water splitting.However, the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency(STH) of BiVO_4 is far away from the 10% target needed for practical application due to its poor charge separation ability. Therefore, this review attempts to summarize the strategies for improving the photocurrent density and especially hydrogen production of BiVO_4 materials through PEC techniques in the last three years, such as doping nonmetal and metal elements, depositing noble metals, constructing heterojunctions, coupling with carbon and metalorganic framework(MOF) materials to further enhance the PEC performance of BiVO_4 photoanode. This review aims to serve as a general guideline to fabricate highly efficient BiVO_4-based materials for PEC water splitting.     

A purely organic D-π-A-π-D emitter with thermally activated delayed fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence for near-white OLED

A purely organic D-π-A-π-D type emitter showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence(RTP) was designed and synthesized by utilizing the benzophenone as an acceptor and the N-phenyl-2-napthylamine as a donor moiety.It exhibits considerable TADF character in doped PMMA film and room temperature phosphorescence with a long lifetime of 74 ms at466 nm in solid state.The devices with the configuration of ITO/Mo_2 O_3(4 nm)/mCP(30 nm)/mCP:x wt%NP2 BP/TmTyPB(60 nm)/LiF(1.5 nm)/AI(100 nm) were prepared by vacuum evaporation to explore their electroluminescent performance.Intere stingly,the non-doped device has obtained near-white emission with a fluorescence emission peak at 475 nm and a phosphore scence emission peak at 563 nm having the CIE coordinate of(0.23,0.32) and the maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.09%.     

A co-activation strategy for enhancing the performance of hematite in photoelectrochemical water oxidation

Hematite(α-Fe_2O_3) is a promising photoanode for photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting.However,the severe charge recombination and sluggish water oxidation kinetics extremely limit its use in photohydrogen conversion.Herein,a co-activation strategy is proposed,namely through phosphorus(P)doping and the loading of CoAl-layered double hydroxides(CoAl-LDHs) cocatalysts.Unexpectedly,the integrated system,CoAl-LDHs/P-Fe_2O_3 photoanode,exhibits an outstanding photocurrent density of 1.56 mA/cm~2 at 1.23 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode,RHE),under AM 1.5 G,which is 2.6 times of pureα-Fe_2O_3.Systematic studies reveal that the remarkable PEC performance is attributed to accelerated surface OER kinetics and enhanced carrier separation efficiency.This work provides a feasible strategy to enhance the PEC performance of hematite photoanodes.