Nd3+ near UV and visible fluorescence in YAP:Nd

The present paper summarizes detailed investigations of Nd³⁺ fluorescence spectra in YAP:Nd laser crystal in the broad spectral range of 370–1100 nm at liquid nitrogen temperature. Especially, Nd³⁺ near UV and visible fluorescence spectra were studied for the first time in this crystal. The Nd³⁺ near UV and visible fluorescence spectra of this crystal consist of many narrow lines (up to 50). The Nd³⁺ near UV and visible fluorescence lines arise mainly from⁴D_3/2 and²P_3/2 Nd³⁺ terms (transitions from⁴D_3/2,²P_3/2 to lower lying Nd³⁺ levels are responsible for their appearance). At room temperature the fluorescence spectra consist of broad bands with narrow lines (mainly⁴D_3/2⁴F_3/2,⁴F_5/2 and²H_9/2 transitions).     

Non-steady state homogeneous nucleation in glass-forming systems: Dimensionless kinetic equation

The kinetic equation of the classical homogeneous nucleation theory is rewritten in dimensionless form and it is shown that the numerical computation of the dimensionless kinetic equation is approximately 20 times faster in comparison with the original kinetic equation. The results are compared with known analytical results and with previous numerical results in the case of the constant and variable temperature for the model Li₂O.2 SiO₂ melt. It is shown, e.g., that under non-isothermal conditions the nucleation rate is greater than the quasistationary nucleation rate and the cluster distribution function is greater than the corresponding quasiequilibrium cluster distribution function.     

XPS investigation of LPE garnet films

XPS spectra of YIG, YIG:Bi, YIG:Ca and YIG:Co(Ge, Ca) epitaxial garnet films were measured at room temperature. The positions of the main iron, yttrium, oxygen, bismuth, cobalt and lead spectral lines were determined and their changes with the surface treatments were investigated. It was found that divalent and trivalent states of iron and cobalt ions can be resolved, the chemical shifts being in oposite directions.The authors would like to thank Dr. J. imová for careful EPMA analysis of the samples.     

Sensitivity of hydrodynamic system of the Obukhov type

The paper deals with the regime of advanced Bénard instabilities (described usually by the Lorenz system) in a more general system formulated firstly by Obukhov. It has been shown that triplet co-operation leads to characteristic courses where some new regularities occur.     

Kinetics of the photodissociation iodine laser with slow pumping

Systematic calculations of maximum inversion were performed for iodine photodissociation laser in dependence on the mixture composition. The flash-lamp radiation was modelled as emanating from an optically thin Xe plasma. Duration of the pumping pulse is about 300 s. The sensitivity of the model to the values of kinetic constants was also tested.     

Laser properties of coactivated YAP: Nd free of colour centres

YAP:Nd, Cr grown under Ar-H₂ or Ar-He-H₂ atmosphere possesses good energy transfer from Cr³⁺ to Nd³⁺ but suffers from the colour centre formation. The centre formation was completely prevented using further admixture of Ce³⁺ and 10^–4–10^–3 wt. % Fe. Small luminescence quenching of Cr³⁺ or Nd³⁺ due to iron ions is negligible in the presence of Ce³⁺. The crystals may be also heavily doped with Nd³⁺ because the increased pumping efficiency compensates the shortening of the luminescence lifetime. YAP: Nd, Ce, Cr, Fe is advisible active laser material particularly for all the types of pulsed lasers.     

Scalar gluonium candidates and the radiativeJ/ψ decays

We discuss productions of scalar gluonium candidates in the radiativeJ/ decays. The branching ratios of such productions are estimated on the basis of the Euler-Heisenberg effective Lagrangian for gluon-photon couplings. We mention that these estimates cannot be expected to be accurate to better than within a factor 2. We show that the radiativeJ/ decays probably invalidate gluoniumgg interpretation of the GAMS meson F₀(1590) and a narrow 0⁺⁺ stateS lying below 1 GeV. However, a possible wide scalar effective gluonium candidate(920) is shown not to be excluded by the data on the decayJ/. We also find that the experimental data about radiativeJ/ decays presumably agree with a recently suggested interpretation of F₀(1590) as being approximately a half-and-half mixture of pure 0⁺⁺ gluoniumgg andSU(3)_f singlet quarkoniumq¯q states.     

Quantitative characterization of chaotic instabilities in semiconductors

A method for quantitative characterization of chaotic dynamical systems is discussed. An electronic instrument for determining the number of independent variablesk ^*, involved in the motion, is described. It allows one to obtain these in real time from a single observable. The suggested technique has been applied to quantification of strange attractors underlying chaotic instabilities in semi-insulating GaAsCr, and n-Ge, irradiated with high energy electrons. In n-Ge, for instance, the measured numbersk ^* range from 2 to 4 depending on control parameters. These measurements reveal the highly deterministic nature of the observed chaotic oscillations. The physical mechanisms responsible for the current instabilities and chaotic behaviour are discussed.