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181.
Dembowski C Dietz B Friedrich T Gräf HD Heine A Mejía-Monasterio C Miski-Oglu M Richter A Seligman TH 《Physical review letters》2004,93(13):134102
A self-pulsing effect termed quantum echoes has been observed in experiments with an open superconducting and a normal conducting microwave billiard whose geometry provides soft chaos, i.e., a mixed phase space portrait with a large stable island. For such systems a periodic response to an incoming pulse has been predicted. Its period has been associated with the degree of development of a horseshoe describing the topology of the classical dynamics. The experiments confirm this picture and reveal the topological information. 相似文献
182.
183.
Friedrich MG Giebeta F Naumann R Knoll W Ataka K Heberle J Hrabakova J Murgida DH Hildebrandt P 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2004,(21):2376-2377
Membrane-bound cytochrome c oxidase was attached to an electrode via a His-tag linker and studied by surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy, demonstrating intact redox site structures and electron transfer between the electrode and the immobilized enzyme. 相似文献
184.
Lordi V Gambin V Friedrich S Funk T Takizawa T Uno K Harris JS 《Physical review letters》2003,90(14):145505
Ga(1-x)In(x)N(y)As(1-y) is a promising material system for the fabrication of inexpensive "last-mile" optoelectronic components. However, details of its atomic arrangement and the relationship to observed optical properties is not fully known. Particularly, a blueshift of emission wavelength is observed after annealing. In this work, we use x-ray absorption fine structure to study the chemical environment around N atoms in the material before and after annealing. We find that as-grown molecular beam epitaxy material consists of a nearly random distribution of atoms, while postannealed material shows segregation of In toward N. Ab initio simulations show that this short-range ordering creates a more thermodynamically stable alloy and is responsible for blueshifting the emission. 相似文献
185.
Friedrich HB Govender M Makhoba X Ngcobo TD Onani MO 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2003,(23):2922-2923
A new Os/Cu-Al-hydrotalcite-like catalyst is described which, with N-methylmorpholine oxide as co-oxidant, heterogeneously catalyses the hydroxylation of olefins to give diols selectively and in high yield. 相似文献
186.
K.?LaschEmail author L.?J?rissen K.?A.?Friedrich J.?Garche 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2003,7(9):619-625
The electrocatalytic activities of different binary Pt-Ru(ox) catalysts have been investigated in half-cell experiments by cyclic voltammetry and stationary current–potential measurements. The materials have been prepared using a modification of the Adams method. X-ray analytical methods (X-ray diffraction, XRD, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, EDX) as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) have been used to characterize the composition and the catalysts' content of the crystalline phases, and their surface areas have been determined by the BET method. It is found that the composition of the catalyst is strongly influenced by the synthesis temperature, which is varied between 400 and 600 °C. In contrast, the particle size of the metallic phases of the catalysts is not significantly affected for synthesis temperatures below 600 °C, as investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Synthesis temperatures of 500 °C favor the formation of crystalline RuO2 phases, whereas at synthesis temperatures below 500 °C the presence of metallic alloy and of hydrous oxides was derived by the combined XRD and EDX measurements. The stationary current–potential curves show a correlation with the different synthesis temperatures. It can be concluded that both the presence of an alloyed metallic Pt-Ru phase as well as the presence of amorphous hydrated Ru oxides are favorable for the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol.Dedicated to Prof. Wolf Vielstich on the occasion of his 80th birthday in recognition of his numerous contributions to interfacial electrochemistry 相似文献
187.
The 0/1 primal separation problem is: Given an extreme point xˉ of a 0/1 polytope P and some point x
*, find an inequality which is tight at xˉ, violated by x
* and valid for P or assert that no such inequality exists. It is known that this separation variant can be reduced to the standard separation
problem for P.
We show that 0/1 optimization and 0/1 primal separation are polynomial time equivalent. This implies that the problems 0/1
optimization, 0/1 standard separation, 0/1 augmentation, and 0/1 primal separation are polynomial time equivalent.
Then we provide polynomial time primal separation procedures for matching, stable set, maximum cut, and maximum bipartite
graph problems, giving evidence that these algorithms are conceptually simpler and easier to implement than their corresponding
counterparts for standard separation. In particular, for perfect matching we present an algorithm for primal separation that
rests only on simple max-flow computations. In contrast, the known standard separation method relies on an explicit minimum
odd cut algorithm. Consequently, we obtain a very simple proof that a maximum weight perfect matching of a graph can be computed
in polynomial time.
Received: August 20, 2001 / Accepted: April 2002 Published online: December 9, 2002
RID="⋆"
ID="⋆" This research was developed while the author was on leave at the Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica, Viale
Manzoni 30, 00185 Roma, supported by the project TMR-DONET nr. ERB FMRX-CT98-0202 of the European Union.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 90C10, 90C60, 90C57 相似文献
188.
Let SF(n) be the usual monoid of orientation- and base point-preserving self-equivalences of the n-sphere ${\mathbb{S}^n}$ n. If Y is a (right) SF(n)-space, one can construct a classifying space B(Y, SF(n), *)=B n for ${\mathbb{S}^n}$ n-fibrations with Y-structure, by making use of the two-sided bar construction. Let k: B n →BSF(n) be the forgetful map. A Y-structure on a spherical fibration corresponds to a lifting of the classifying map into B n . Let K i =K $\left( {{\mathbb{Z}_2 }} \right)$ , i) be the Eilenberg–Mac Lane space of type $\left( {{\mathbb{Z}_2 }} \right)$ , i). In this paper we study families of structures on a given spherical fibration. In particular, we construct a universal family of Y-structures, where Y=W n is a space homotopy equivalent to ∏ i≥1 K i . Applying results due to Booth, Heath, Morgan and Piccinini, we prove that the universal family is a spherical fibration over the space map{B n , B n }×B n . Furthermore, we point out the significance of this space for secondary characteristic classes. Finally, we calculate the cohomology of B n . 相似文献
189.
A. Wilmer T. D. Frank P. J. Beek R. Friedrich 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2007,60(2):203-215
In this work a method is developed for analyzing time series of
periodically driven stochastic systems involving time-delayed feedback.
The proposed data-analysis method yields
dynamical models in terms of stochastic delay differential equations. On
the basis of these dynamical models differential effects of driving
forces and time-delayed feedback forces can be identified. 相似文献
190.