Near-Field Optical Microscope with Tapping Illumination and Synchronous Detection

We use the tapping illumination and synchronous detection in a scanning near-field optical microscopy to obtain a near-field optical signal that is separated from the far-field signal. The illumination light was irradiated from the bent fiber tip vibrating normal to the sample surface. The transmitted light synchronized with the tapping vibration was observed. The obtained image of an organic film shows that this technique is effective for the weak contrast samples.This paper was originally presented at the 5th International Conference on NEAR FIELD OPTICS and RELATED TECHNOLOGIES (NFO-5), which was held on December 6–10, 1998 at Coganoi Bay Hotel, Shirahama, Japan, in cooperation with the Japan Society of Applied Physics and Mombusho Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas “Near-field Nano-optics” Project, sponsored by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.     

Synthesis of 5-acetyl-2-aminopyrrole C-deoxyribonucleoside

A novel C-deoxyribonucleoside bearing 2-aminopyrrole was synthesized. The C-glycosidation between deoxyribose and pyrrole ring was carried out using palladium-catalyzed Heck coupling in the presence of excess amount of lithium chloride as an additive. The synthesized aminopyrrole nucleoside is expected to become a promising counterpart of the artificial nucleoside pair.     

Mössbauer study of Lu2Fe3O7: A two-dimensional antiferromagnet on a triangular lattice

Mössbauer studies reveal that there are two kinds of Fe³⁺ spins with completely different characteristics in Lu₂Fe₃O₇: one is an Ising-like property and the other is a Heisenberg-like property in a two-dimensional antiferromagnet on a triangular lattice. The former spin orders ferrimagnetically along thec-axis at around 220 K. The latter spin is lying in thec-plane and a corresponding hyperfine magnetic field is observed at temperatures below 50 K. At very low temperatures, however, the latter spin has a component parallel to thec-axis and couples with the former spin. This finding is consistent with the modulated profile of the magnetic scattering in neutron diffraction and the result of a magnetization measurement.     

TDPAC study of mechanically alloyed amorphous andintermetallic Fe-Hf alloys

Time differential perturbed angular correlation spectra of the amorphous Fe₅₇Hf₄₃ alloy prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) andthe intermetallic compounds FeHf₂ were measured. The short-range structures in amorphous Fe₅₇Hf₄₃ andintermetallic compounds of FeHf₂ andFe₂Hf are compared from a microscopic point of view.     

Studies of multilayers of Cu-Hf with a variable-energy positron beam

We report on the results of depth-profiling experiments of multilayers of Cu-Hf using a slow position beam. Experimental data reveal that the Hf layers contain many open-volume type defects and that there might be thin oxidized Hf that reduces theS parameter in the interfaces between Cu-Hf.     

Mobile customer model with retrials

A cellular system consisting of small zones is studied. Since their zones are small, the change of the number of mobile customers in a cell influences the performance. The hand-off failure probability and blocking probability may be important as the performance measures. In this paper, we consider the retrial behavior of customers who meet the hand-off failure and blocking. We classify customers into three types: the retrial resignation type, the ordinary retrial type and the persistent retrial type. We evaluate the effect of the existence of mobile customers with retrials.     

The TDPAC study of quasicrystalline and T-phases

Time differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) spectra of the quasicrystalline phase Al₇₉Mn₂₀Si₁ (800 ppm Hf) and the decagonal phase (T-Phase) Al₈₀Mn₂₀ (800 ppm Hf) were measured using the¹⁸¹Hf probe. It is obtained that the structure around the center in Mackay icosahedra in the decagonal phase seems to be distorted in comparison with that in the quasicrystalline phase.     

Ptychanolide, a sesquiterpenoid with a new type skeleton from the liverwort ptychanthus striatus (lehm. et lindenb.) nees

The structure of ptychanolide, isolated from the liverwort Ptychanthus striatus, has been determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformation.     

The structure of prostaglandin B1 dimer

Dimeric derivatives of prostaglandin B₁ were prepared under alkaline conditions and the structures were determined by NMR spectroscopies.