How to improve transmissive optics in the very far infrared?

Conclusion We have presented the possibility to make optical coatings on quartz in the FIR and we have got a transmission coefficient as high as 97% at room temperature. It will rise probably close to 100% at liquid helium temperature where the quartz two-phonon difference processes are frozen. The use of polyethylene or TPX is also possible to make plates and lenses. The reflectivity losses are smaller because the refractive index is much smaller, but they cannot be further reduced by any coating because there is no transparent material with n1.2 in the FIR. These lenses are very useful in the FIR (except around 60 cm^–1 if they are made of polyethylene). TPX is quite transparent over the whole FIR range, and also in the visible with nearly the same refractive index as in the FIR. Alignments can be made with visible light, and still work in the FIR.     

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance tomoangiography: A new imaging technique for studying thoracic great vessels

The authors propose a new imaging approach for studying thoracic great vessels, using high-speed MR imaging combined with intravenous rapid bolus injection of a paramagnetic contrast media. The decrease of the T₁ relaxation time of flowing blood induced by the contrast agent (Gd-DOTA) caused an increased signal intensity within the vessel lumen for a time period allowing multiplanar imaging of various vascular structures. The intraluminal signal enhancement is mainly related to the blood concentration of the contrast agent as in conventional X-ray angiography. Information on the aorta and pulmonary arteries obtained by the so-called contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance tomoangiography appears complementary to that obtained with other vascular MR imaging procedures such as cine-MRI and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).     

Conformational Analysis of Baclofen Analogues by 1H and 13C NMR: Phaclofen,Saclofen, and Hydroxy-Saclofen. Influence of the Anionic Moiety

The conformations of three analogues of baclofen 1: phaclofen, saclofen, and hydroxy-saclofen 2–4, potent GABA_B antagonists, in solution (D₂O) are estimated from high-resolution (300 MHz) H NMR coupling data. Conformations and populations of conformers are calculated by means of a modified Karplus-like relationship for the vicinal coupling constants. H NMR spectral analysis evidences how 1–3 keep in solution the preferred a conformation around C3-C4 bond. A partial rotation is set up around C2–C3 bond (the conformations about C2–C3 are all highly populated in solution) particularly for 2 and 3 while 1 shows a relative preferred a conformation. This evidences the influence of the anionic moiety.     

Dimerization in the commensurate network of 4-n-octyl-4’-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) molecules adsorbed on MoS $_\mathsf{2}$ single crystal

By combining X-ray diffraction under grazing incidence (GIXD) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements, we have determined the structure of 4-n-octyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) molecules adsorbed on MoS₂, under the thick organic film. The commensurability of the adsorbed network and the unit cell structure have been determined, revealing a complex 2D structure. This structure is characterized by straight ribbons with two types of ribbons, alternatively stacked. In one type, molecules are equally spaced, as they are paired in the other type. Considering the energetics of adsorption with a model of single ribbon, we recover the two observed ribbon structures. The alternate stacking of the ribbons appears as a consequence of the connection between the commensurabilities in the two main crystallographic directions. Moreover, we have found a particularly high value for the molecule-substrate potential corrugations, indicating that the dipole moment of 8CB molecules could play a fundamental role in the molecule-substrate interactions.Received: 1 April 2004, Published online: 29 June 2004PACS: 61.10.-i X-ray diffraction and scattering - 68.35.Bs Structure of clean surfaces (reconstruction) - 61.30.-v Liquid crystals - 68.35.Md Surface thermodynamics, surface energies     

Effect of an entrained air bubble on the acoustics of an ink channel

Piezo-driven inkjet systems are very sensitive to air entrapment. The entrapped air bubbles grow by rectified diffusion in the ink channel and finally result in nozzle failure. Experimental results on the dynamics of fully grown air bubbles are presented. It is found that the bubble counteracts the pressure buildup necessary for the droplet formation. The channel acoustics and the air bubble dynamics are modeled. For good agreement with the experimental data it is crucial to include the confined geometry into the model: The air bubble acts back on the acoustic field in the channel and thus on its own dynamics. This two-way coupling limits further bubble growth and thus determines the saturation size of the bubble.     

On vector-valued random Fourier series

Consider a (complex) Banach spaceX, such thatX C_O, and vectors(X _i ) _i ofX. Consider an independent standard normal sequence(g _i ) _i . Then if anX-valued random Fourier series _{|k| n} e ^ikt g _k x _k satisfies