Description of pulse propagation in a dispersive medium by use of a pulse quality factor

We investigated how the duration of short laser pulses evolves in a dispersive material, using rms widths and a propagation law based on a pulse quality factor. Experiments were carried out with femtosecond pulses (10 to 25fs at the temporal waist) propagating in bulk fused silica. Excellent agreement was found between theory and experiment. This approach does not require complete characterization of laser pulses and eliminates the need for any assumption regarding the interpretation of autocorrelation traces. The method is of general validity, and it can be applied to pulses of arbitrary shape.     

Initial interaction of oxygen with aluminium single crystal faces: A LEED,AES and work function study

Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and work function (Kelvin probe) measurements have been used to study the initial interaction of clean Al(111), (100) and (110) surfaces with oxygen at room temperature. The oxidation process was found to be surface orientation dependent, but a common feature has been always observed on the three low-index surfaces: they show two distinct phases, i.e. a chemisorbed phase followed then by an oxidized phase. From analysis of AES, LEED and Kelvin probe results, an adsorption mechanism of O on Al for each surface orientation is proposed.     

Spin waves transport across a ferrimagnetically ordered nanojunction of cobalt-gadolinium alloy between cobalt leads

A model calculation is presented for the spin wave scattering and coherent transport at the ferrimagnetically ordered cobalt-gadolinium alloy nanojunction between cobalt leads. The structural model for the amorphous alloy nanojunction [Co_1/2Gd_1/2]₃ is considered as an ordered alloy hcp structure of three (0001) atomic planes between the leads. To analyze the spin dynamics and spin wave scattering at the nanojunction boundary, the phase field matching method (PFMT) is implemented over the ground state of the system, in the Heisenberg Hamiltonian representation. The coherent reflection and transmission probabilities of spin waves from the cobalt leads incident onto the nanojunction boundary are calculated, and numerical results are presented for the coherent SW transport across the nanojunction over the entire range of their frequencies. The results are especially valid in the interval between nanometric SW wavelengths greater than the nanojunction width and macroscopic wavelengths. They demonstrate in particular, the possibility of the resonance assisted maxima for the SW transmission spectra owing to the interactions between the incident spin waves and the localized spin resonances on the nanojunction. This effect is general and may be observed at different characteristic frequencies and corresponding incident angles.     

On the Strategy of NMR Spectral Analysis. The 1H-NMR Spectrum of Amphetamine

The successive steps of the computer analysis of a NMR spectrum are examined. Better results can be obtained by direct simulation of tentative model spectra. As an example the ¹H-NMR spectrum of amphetamine is analysed.     

Benchmark values for the Soret,thermal diffusion and diffusion coefficients of three binary organic liquid mixtures

With the aim of providing reliable benchmark values, we have measured the Soret, diffusion and thermal diffusion coefficients of the three binary mixtures of dodecane, isobutylbenzene and 1,2,3,4 tetrahydronaphthalene for a concentration of 50 wt% at a temperature of 25C. The experimental techniques applied by the five participating laboratories are transient holographic gratings, annular and parallelepipedic thermogravitational columns, and vertical parallelepipedic columns with velocity amplitude determination by laser doppler velocimetry. The systems have also been studied in a annular thermogravitational column filled with a porous medium in the gap. There is a good agreement between the different experiments with deviations of the order of a few per cent in most cases (8.5% at most). The numerical values are tabulated in the paper.     

Etude de la structure magnetique et de la transition de typr “spin-flop” de Rb2FeF5

The nature of the magnetic interactions in the chain compound Rb₂FeF₅ has been investigated using neutron diffraction and magnetic measurements under high applied fields. Rb₂FeF₅ orders antiferromagnetically at T_N = 8.0 ± 0.5 K; the magnetic structure is of the A_Z + G_X mode and the moment of the Fe³⁺ ion extrapoled to 0K is 3.5 ± 0.2 μ_B, this low value being due to zero-point spin reduction. Within a chain the Fe³⁺ ions are antiferromagnetically coupled with an exchange constant of J/k = ?8.8 K. A spin-flop behavior has been observed and interpreted on the basis of the molecular field theory. The critical field was found to be H_C = 65 kOe at 1.7 K.     

Study of the reactione + e −→K + K − in the energy range1350 \leqq \sqrt s \leqq 2400 MeV

Thee ⁺ e ^?→K ⁺ K ^? cross section has been measured from about 750 events in the energy interval \(1350 \leqq \sqrt s \leqq 2400 MeV\) with the DM2 detector at DCI. TheK ^± form factor |F _F ^±| cannot be explained by the ρ, ω, ? and ρ′(1600). An additional resonant amplitude at 1650 MeV has to be added as suggested by a previous experiment.     

Radiative decay ofJ/ψ into γ π+ π−

The radiative decayJ/ψ → γ π⁺ π^? has been studied using the 8.6 millionJ/ψ produced in the DM2 experiment at the DCIe ⁺e^? storage rings at Orsay. The π⁺ π^? mass spectrum shows a cleanf ₂ (1270) signal, and the possible presence of two other states at thef ₂ (1720) andf ₄ (2030) masses. For thef ₂ (1270), the branching ratio BR(J/ψ →γf)xBR(f→π⁺ π^?) is measured to be (7.50±0.30±1.12)×10^?4, and the spin analysis prefers theJ=2 assignment, with helicity parametersx=0.83±0.06 andy=0.01±0.06. The existence of higher mass states is discussed.     

Pump−probe experiments at the TEMPO beamline using the low‐α operation mode of Synchrotron SOLEIL

The SOLEIL synchrotron radiation source is regularly operated in special filling modes dedicated to pump–probe experiments. Among others, the low‐α mode operation is characterized by shorter pulse duration and represents the natural bridge between 50 ps synchrotron pulses and femtosecond experiments. Here, the capabilities in low‐α mode of the experimental set‐ups developed at the TEMPO beamline to perform pump–probe experiments with soft X‐rays based on photoelectron or photon detection are presented. A 282 kHz repetition‐rate femtosecond laser is synchronized with the synchrotron radiation time structure to induce fast electronic and/or magnetic excitations. Detection is performed using a two‐dimensional space resolution plus time resolution detector based on microchannel plates equipped with a delay line. Results of time‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, circular dichroism and magnetic scattering experiments are reported, and their respective advantages and limitations in the framework of high‐time‐resolution pump–probe experiments compared and discussed.     

Time-dependent internal Quantum Efficiency and diffusion Modulation Transfer Function of N/P photodiodes

The minority carrier continuity equation has been solved with the Green’s function approach in a N/P photodiode under the low-level injection assumption. The analytical solution obtained with this approach depends on the three spatial coordinates and on time. The diffusion and the collection of the excess minority carriers have been studied during the transitional period corresponding to very short integration times. The internal Quantum Efficiency and the diffusion Modulation Transfer Function have been calculated according to time. The simulations showed that they evolve with time until their steady-state values. When the integration time is very short, this evolution has to be taken into account for the estimation of the sensitivity of a photodiode and the contrast on an image of a sensor based on several adjacent N/P-type photodiodes.