Interpretation of analysis of variance models using principal component analysis to assess the effect of a maternal anticancer treatment on the mineralization of rat bones

The goal of the present study is to assess the effects of anticancer treatment with cyclophosphamide and cytarabine during pregnancy on the mineralization of mandible bones in 7-, 14- and 28-day-old rats. Each bone sample was described by its X-ray fluorescence spectrum characterizing the mineral composition. The data collected are multivariate in nature and their structure is difficult to visualize and interpret directly. Therefore, methods like analysis of variance–principal component analysis (ANOVA–PCA) and ANOVA–simultaneous component analysis (ASCA), which are suitable for the analysis of highly correlated spectral data and are able to incorporate information about the underlined experimental design, are greatly valued. In this study, the ASCA methodology adapted for unbalanced data was used to investigate the impact of the anticancer drug treatment during pregnancy on the mineralization of the mandible bones of newborn rats and to examine any changes in the mineralization of the bones over time.The results showed that treatment with cyclophosphamide and cytarabine during pregnancy induces a decrease in the K and Zn levels in the mandible bones of newborns. This suppresses the development of mandible bones in rats in the early stages (up to 14 days) of formation. An interesting observation was that the levels of essential minerals like K, Mg, Na and Ca vary considerably in the different regions of the mandible bones.     

FeCl3‐Catalyzed Addition of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to Aromatic Olefins

A direct, intermolecular addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to styrenes in the presence of FeCl₃ as an inexpensive and disposable catalyst has been developed for the straightforward and practical synthesis of arylated diketones and ketoesters. The reactions proceed under mild conditions for most substrates (50–80 °C), and no strong acid or base is required. The synthetic value of the method is demonstrated by 15 examples, including the synthesis of the current pharmaceutical drug warfarin in one step and 42 % yield from commercially available substrates.     

X-ray and UV Radiation Damage of dsDNA/Protein Complexes

Simple SummaryOne of the most common diseases in the world is cancer. The development of an appropriate treatment pathway for cancer patients seems to be crucial to fight this disease. Therefore, solving the problem that affects more and more people in an aging society is crucial. The study presents the results of radiation and photochemical damage to DNA interacting with proteins (specifically/non-specifically). The obtained results of the analysis of photoliths and radiolites by means of the LC-MS technique allowed to identify possible mechanisms of degradation of DNA interacting with proteins. Results suggest the protective action of protein against hydroxyl radicals or solvated electrons and increased damaging effect when sensitized DNA is irradiated by UV light (280 or 320 nm) compared to the DNA alone (without protein interaction).AbstractRadiation and photodynamic therapies are used for cancer treatment by targeting DNA. However, efficiency is limited due to physico-chemical processes and the insensitivity of native nucleobases to damage. Thus, incorporation of radio- and photosensitizers into these therapies should increase both efficacy and the yield of DNA damage. To date, studies of sensitization processes have been performed on simple model systems, e.g., buffered solutions of dsDNA or sensitizers alone. To fully understand the sensitization processes and to be able to develop new efficient sensitizers in the future, well established model systems are necessary. In the cell environment, DNA tightly interacts with proteins and incorporating this interaction is necessary to fully understand the DNA sensitization process. In this work, we used dsDNA/protein complexes labeled with photo- and radiosensitizers and investigated degradation pathways using LC-MS and HPLC after X-ray or UV radiation.     

Moments and Mellin transform of the asset price in Stein and Stein model and option pricing

In this paper, we derive closed formulas for moments and Mellin transform of the asset price in the stochastic volatility Stein and Stein model. Next, we present applications of our results to pricing power and self-quanto options using numerical methods.     

Kritische Einsehätzung der Isotopenmethode zur Bestimmung der Stromausbeute bei der Al-Elektrolyse

Besondere Bedutung für die Technilogie des Aluminiumprozesses hat die Feststellung der Möglichkeiten und Genauigkeit der bisher angewendeten Meβmethoden. Dafür war es notwending, eine solche Methode zu verwenden, die es erlaubt, die durch Veränderung gewisser Parameter des Produktionsprozesses entstandenen technologischen Effekte zu prüfen. Die schnellste und präziseste ist die Isotopenmethode. Eine Versuchsserie in 16 Elektrolysezellen sollte ergeben, welche Methode – entweder der Einsatz inaktiver Tracer oder der radioaktiver Traces – unter industriellen Bedingungen anwendbar ist. zur Feststellung der Strionausbeute bei geringstem experimentellem Aufwand erwies sich die Anwendung der Aktivierungsanalyse als am günstigsten. Das Ausgabngsproblem für diese Arbeitsweise war die Bestimmung der praktischen Möglichkeiten für die Markierung des Aluminiumbades mit einem inaktiven Tracer. Ähnliche Versuche werden jetzt unter Anwendung von ^110mAg und ¹⁹⁸Au durchgeführt.     

Anwendung der Radiotracermethode zur Optimierung von Verfahren und Anlagen der Kupfermetallurgie

Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen mit Hilfe radiaktiver Isotope ertaubten die Bestimmungj von Kenngröβen, die einen unmittelbaren Einfluβ auf den Kupfengehalt in der Abgangsschlaeke haben. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen der Kupferkonzentration in der Schlacke und dem Schachtofendurchsatz sowie der mittleren Verweilzeit der Schlacke im Absetzhecken werden mathematisch crfaβt. Die Parameter der hydrodynamischen Schlackenströmung im Absctzbecken wurden ermittelt und zur Veränderung der Anlage genutzt. Die chemischen Amalytsen ergaben eine Reduzierung des Kupfergehalts in der Abgangsschlacke um 20%.