Antiviral Activities of Officinaloside C against Herpes Simplex Virus-1

The iridoid compounds in traditional Chinese medicine play a prominent role in their antiviral effects. We previously reported the anti-inflammatory effect of new iridoids from the aerial parts of Morinda officinalis. Nevertheless, several open questions remain to explore the other biological functions of these new iridoid compounds. Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is one of the most prevalent pathogens in human beings worldwide and due to limited therapies, mainly with the guanosine analog aciclovir (ACV) and other analogs, the search for new drugs with different modes of action and low toxicity becomes particularly urgent for public health. This study aimed to explore the anti-HSV-1 effects of iridoids from the aerial parts of Morinda officinalis. The dried aerial parts of Morinda officinalis were extracted with 95% ethanol and systematic separation and purification were then carried out by modern column chromatography methods such as silica gel column, RP-ODS column, Sephadex LH-20 gel column, and semi-preparative liquid phase, and the structure of these compounds were identified through the physical and chemical properties and a variety of spectral techniques. The obtained seven new iridoid compounds were screened for antiviral activity on HSV-1 through CCK8 and the cytopathic effect, and then the plaque reduction assay, the anti-fluorescence reporter virus strain replication, and RT-qPCR experiments were carried out to further evaluate the antiviral effect. Seven new iridoid compounds (officinaloside A–G) were identified from the aerial parts of Morinda officinalis, and officinaloside C showed anti-HSV-1 activity. Further functional experiments confirmed that officinaloside C has a significant inhibiting effect on HSV-1 virus plaque formation, viral gene, and protein expression, and fluorescent virus replication. Our findings suggest that officinaloside C has significant inhibitory effects on viral plaque formation, genome replication, and viral protein expression of HSV-1 which implies that officinaloside C exhibits viral activity and may be a promising treatment for HSV-1 infection.     

Calixarene‐Based Chemosensors by Means of Click Chemistry

Click chemistry, a new strategy for organic chemistry, has been widely used in the chemical modification of calixarenes because of its reliability, specificity, biocompatibility, and efficiency. Click‐derived triazoles also play a critical role in sensing ions and molecules. This in‐depth review provides an overview of calixarene‐based chemosensors that incorporate click‐derived triazoles, and their three characteristics (chromogenic, fluorescence, and wettability) are reviewed.     

基于烧结微纤多孔结构材料的微反应器中的苯硝化反应

基于烧结微纤结构材料发展了一种集微混合、反应和换热于一体的微反应器,以苯硝化为模型反应考察了该微反应器用于快速、强放热的液-液两相混合反应的效果.烧结微纤材料具有大的空隙率、三维开放孔结构和大的面积与体积比,有利于传质和传热,同时微纤三维网络具有微搅拌器的作用,有利于流体的微米尺度分割和快速混合.因此,苯硝化反应得以在很短的时间内高选择性地进行完全.在一定的操作条件下,苯转化率可以达到91.7%,硝基苯选择性高达99.4%.     

The varieties of semilattice-ordered semigroups satisfying $$x^3\approx x$$ and $$xy\approx yx$$xy≈yx

The aim of this paper is to study the varieties of semilattice-ordered Burnside semigroups satisfying \(x^3\approx x\) and \(xy\approx yx.\) It is shown that the collection of all such varieties forms a distributive lattice of order 9. Also, all of them are finitely based and finitely generated. This gives a generalization and expansion of the results obtained by McKenzie and Romanowska (Contrib Gen Algebra Proc Klagenf Conf 1978 1:213–218, 1979).     

Antibacterial HPL-DOSS surface coating for commercial plastics

Bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the surface of materials can lead to serious bacterial infections and are highly detrimental to our health. Here, we prepared a water-insoluble HPL-DOSS complex by compounding hyperbranched polylysine (HPL) with docusate sodium salt (DOSS) and coated HPL-DOSS onto the surfaces of the commercial polypropylene (PP) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) plastics to afford antibacterial PP-HD and TPU-HD plastics. PP-HD and TPU-HD showed excellent antibacterial activities against both Escherichia coli and MRSA. In addition, the bacterial residues on the PP-HD and TPU-HD surfaces were significantly reduced compared with the pristine PP and TPU surfaces, indicating that the HPL-DOSS surface coating had good anti-adhesive property against bacteria and helped to reduce the formation of biofilms. Meanwhile, both PP-HD and TPU-HD exhibited excellent biocompatibility, indicating that the HPL-DOSS complex could be used as a safe antimicrobial coating material to reduce bacterial infections on plastic surfaces.     

氨基化磁性Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2材料的合成及其在Knoevenagel缩合中的催化性能

金属有机骨架材料具有大比表面积、高孔隙率、热稳定性好、规整且可调控的孔结构、易于功能化的骨架金属离子和有机配体等优点,是制备多相催化剂的重要材料之一.虽然减小金属有机骨架材料等多孔材料的粒径可以提高反应物的传质效率,从而提高其催化活性;但是,纳米尺寸催化剂的分离和回收困难.将磁性纳米粒子和金属有机骨架材料结合制备具有核-壳结构的磁性金属有机骨架材料是解决上述问题的有效方法.此类材料兼具磁性材料和金属有机骨架材料的双重优势,既可以磁性分离,又具有金属有机骨架材料的催化活性.而且,厚度可控的壳层材料表现出与纳米催化剂相当甚至更好的催化活性.我们采用逐层自组装方法制备了核-壳结构的磁性Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2复合材料,并对材料进行氨基化修饰,制备了基于金属有机骨架材料的磁性多相碱催化剂.采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、氮气吸附等方法对材料的组成和结构进行了表征,并考察了材料在Knoevenagel缩合反应中的催化性能.首先采用粉末XRD表征材料的晶体结构.在复合材料Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2的XRD谱中,同时出现了Fe3O4和Cu3(BTC)2的特征衍射峰.采用氨基配体修饰后,材料的XRD谱没有明显变化,说明修饰后的材料保持了Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2的晶体结构.透射电镜结果表明,包裹25次得到的磁性复合材料Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2是以Fe3O4为核心,以Cu3(BTC)2为壳的核-壳结构,壳层厚度大约为200 nm.氨基修饰后,材料的透射电镜图相对修饰前无明显变化.扫描电镜结果表明,合成的Fe3O4为球形结构,粒径为100-600 nm.采用Cu3(BTC)2进行包裹后,在Fe3O4表面生长了由Cu3(BTC)2纳米颗粒组成的壳层.采用氨基配体修饰后,材料的形貌无明显改变.进一步采用氮气吸附表征材料的孔结构并测定材料的比表面积和孔体积.结果表明,由于大比表面的Cu3(BTC)2的引入,复合材料Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2的比表面积增大为462 m2/g,孔体积为0.38 cm3/g.氨基修饰后,材料的比表面积和孔体积都有较大程度的降低,说明配体分子占据了壳层材料Cu3(BTC)2中的纳米孔道.采用苯甲醛和氰基乙酸乙酯的Knoevenagel缩合反应作为模型,考察了材料的催化活性.研究发现,Fe3O4对此反应几乎没有活性,Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2给出了中等的催化活性.在材料上引入氨基后,由于氨基和Cu3(BTC)2上的Lewis酸性位点的协同效应,在很大程度了提高了材料的催化活性.溶剂效应实验结果表明,反应溶剂对材料的活性和选择性具有较大影响,极性或质子性溶剂有利于反应的进行.多相催化剂的循环稳定性是其重要评价指标之一.热过滤实验结果表明,滤液中无催化活性,反应中的催化活性来源于固体材料,此催化反应为多相催化.随后考察了材料的循环稳定性.虽然氨基化Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2材料在溶剂DMSO中表现出最高的催化活性,但XRD和电镜表征结果表明,材料在DMSO中结构遭到破坏,因此循环过程中催化剂的活性损失严重.然后考察了氨基化材料在乙醇中的循环稳定性,发现材料在乙醇中表现出较好的循环稳定性.通过简单磁性分离进行催化剂的分离和回收,催化剂循环使用3次而没有明显的活力损失.而且,XRD和电镜表征结果显示,催化剂的结构在反应过程中没有遭到明显破坏.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles Functionalized with Collagens of Variable Lengths

Collagen, the most abundant protein in human body, has been widely used as an excellent natural material for diverse biomedical applications due to its superior properties such as ample biological interaction sites, minimal immunogenicity and high biocompatibility. Collagens of different lengths are produced by recombinant technology and utilized to functionalize fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FNPs). The collagen‐functionalized FNPs display mono‐disperse distribution, but their sizes are dependent on the length of collagen. These modified FNPs all show nice fluorescence profile as well as low cytotoxicity, suggesting promising applications in bioimaging. We have demonstrated that various types of collagen, conveniently produced by recombinant technology, can be used to modify silica nanoparticles with nice characteristics such as mono‐dispersion, non‐interference in fluorescence and low toxicity. It may endow fluorescent silica nanoparticles with broad biological applications.     

Mixed Cu2Se Hexagonal Nanosheets@Co3Se4 Nanospheres for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors

Rational designing and constructing multiphase hybrid electrode materials is an effective method to compensate for the performance defects of the single component. Based on this strategy, Cu₂Se hexagonal nanosheets@Co₃Se₄ nanospheres mixed structures have been fabricated by a facile two-step hydrothermal method. Under the synergistic effect of the high ionic conductivity of Cu₂Se and the remarkable cycling stability of Co₃Se₄, Cu₂Se@Co₃Se₄ can exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance as a novel electrode material. The as-prepared Cu₂Se@Co₃Se₄ electrode displays high specific capacitance of 1005 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ with enhanced rate capability (56 % capacitance retention at 10 A g⁻¹), and ultralong lifespan (94.2 % after 10 000 cycles at 20 A g⁻¹). An asymmetric supercapacitor is assembled applying the Cu₂Se@Co₃Se₄ as anode and graphene as cathode, which delivers a wide work potential window of 1.6 V, high energy density (30.9 Wh kg⁻¹ at 0.74 kW kg⁻¹), high power density (21.0 Wh kg⁻¹ at 7.50 kW kg⁻¹), and excellent cycling stability (85.8 % after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g⁻¹).