Simultaneous voltammetric detection of dopamine and uric acid in the presence of high concentration of ascorbic acid using multi-walled carbon nanotubes with methylene blue composite film-modified electrode

An electrochemically functional nanocomposite through the adsorption of methylene blue onto the multi-walled nanotubes (MB-MWNTs) was prepared, and a sensitive voltammetric sensor was fabricated. The modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) in 0.1 M phosphate solution medium (pH 3.0). Compared to the bare electrode, the MB-MWNTs film-modified electrode not only remarkably enhanced the anodic peak currents of DA and UA, i.e., shifted the anodic peak potential of DA negatively, but also avoided the overlapping of the anodic peaks of DA and UA. The interference of ascorbic acid (AA) was eliminated. Under the optimized conditions, the peak separation between AA and DA and between DA and UA was 219 and 174 mV, respectively. In the presence of 1.0 mM AA and 10.0 μM UA, the anodic peak current was linear to the concentration of DA in the range of 0.4–10.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.2 μM DA. The anodic peak current of UA was linear to the concentration in the range of 2.0–20.0 and 20.0–200.0 μM with a lowest detection limit of 1.0 μM in the presence of 1.0 mM AA and 1.0 μM DA.     

Microstructured Au/Ni-fiber catalyst for low-temperature gas-phase selective oxidation of alcohols

Galvanic deposition of Au onto a thin-sheet sinter-locked 8 μm Ni-fiber delivers a high-performance Au/Ni-fiber catalyst for alcohol oxidation, due to the unique combination of excellent heat conductivity, remarkable low-temperature activity, and good stability/regenerability. The special NiO@Au ensembles formed during the reaction contribute to promoting the low-temperature activity.     

高强度聚焦超声经颅脑肿瘤治疗焦域的仿真研究*

为了研究脑组织和脑肿瘤组织在HIFU治疗时形成焦域的特性及坏死肿瘤组织、不同治疗剂量参数以及多次治疗时焦点间距和时间间隔对HIFU形成焦域的影响,本文以脑胶质瘤患者为例,利用患者头颅CT图像数据建立HIFU经颅治疗的仿真模型,基于Westervelt声波非线性传播方程和Pennes生物热传导方程进行HIFU经颅治疗的仿真研究。结果表明,脑组织和脑肿瘤组织内形成HIFU焦域的差异较小,坏死肿瘤组织对HIFU温度场分布有较小影响;辐照声强越大,焦点温升达到同一温度所用时间越短,焦域长短轴越短,颅骨处温升越低;当焦点间距在一定范围内时,第一次辐照形成的温度场分布对第二个焦点温升达到同一温度所需时间影响较大;两次辐照时间间隔对颅骨处温升和两次聚焦形成60?C以上温度分布影响较小。     

化学-物理法制备聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石复合水凝胶及其性能

采用化学 物理交联法制备了聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石（PVA/CS/n-HA）复合水凝胶材料。 通过对比其含水率、拉伸强度、红外光谱和TG谱图,探讨了PVA含量及戊二醛加入量对材料性能的影响。 结果表明,m(PVA)∶m（CS+n-HA）=5∶1,戊二醛质量分数为2%时,复合水凝胶材料具有较好的综合性能：含水率为82.0%、拉伸强度为2.14 MPa、断裂伸长率为343.26%;同步热分析表明,25~140 ℃,仅存在水分的蒸发,直至360 ℃材料才发生分解,说明材料的热稳定性良好;红外分析表明,CS与戊二醛发生了交联反应。     

Limitation of ferrozine method for Fe(II) detection: reduction kinetics of micromolar concentration of Fe(III) by ferrozine in the dark

The dark reduction kinetics of micromolar concentrations of Fe(III) in aqueous solution were studied in the presence of millimolar concentrations of ferrozine (FZ) over the pH range 4.0–7.0. A pseudo-first-order kinetics model was used to describe Fe(III) reduction at pH 4.0 and 5.0, and the reduction rate decreased with increasing pH or initial Fe(III) concentration. A more molecular-based kinetics model was developed to describe Fe(III) reduction at pH 6.0 and 7.0. From this model, the intrinsic rate constants (k₁) of Fe(III) reduction by FZ in the dark were obtained as 0.133 ± 0.004 M^?1 s^?1 at pH 6.0 and 0.101 ± 0.009 M^?1 s^?1 at pH 7.0. It was also found in this model that a higher pH, a higher concentration of Fe(III), a lower concentration of FZ and less incubation time led to a lower fraction of Fe(III) reduction by FZ in the dark.     

Sequential capillary electrophoresis analysis using optically gated sample injection and UV/vis detection

We present sequential CE analysis of amino acids and l ‐asparaginase‐catalyzed enzyme reaction, by combing the on‐line derivatization, optically gated (OG) injection and commercial‐available UV‐Vis detection. Various experimental conditions for sequential OG‐UV/vis CE analysis were investigated and optimized by analyzing a standard mixture of amino acids. High reproducibility of the sequential CE analysis was demonstrated with RSD values (n = 20) of 2.23, 2.57, and 0.70% for peak heights, peak areas, and migration times, respectively, and the LOD of 5.0 μM (for asparagine) and 2.0 μM (for aspartic acid) were obtained. With the application of the OG‐UV/vis CE analysis, sequential online CE enzyme assay of l ‐asparaginase‐catalyzed enzyme reaction was carried out by automatically and continuously monitoring the substrate consumption and the product formation every 12 s from the beginning to the end of the reaction. The Michaelis constants for the reaction were obtained and were found to be in good agreement with the results of traditional off‐line enzyme assays. The study demonstrated the feasibility and reliability of integrating the OG injection with UV/vis detection for sequential online CE analysis, which could be of potential value for online monitoring various chemical reaction and bioprocesses.     

Properties of single-component acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives synthesized using <Emphasis Type="Italic">tert</Emphasis>-butyl peroxypivalate initiator

In this work, tert-butyl peroxypivalate initiator was newly used in the solution polymerization of acrylic copolymers with 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid monomers for application of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs). Its proper dosage was determined to vary from 0.6 to 1.2 wt % when a high monomer conversion (>99%) was ensured. In this amount range, polymer properties and adhesive performance of the PSAs were investigated. The results indicated that with the amount of tert-butyl peroxypivalate increased, the molecular weights of the polymer decreased and the molecular weight distribution became wider. It was also observed that the synthesized PSAs had high interfacial adhesion and low cohesion strength, and thus exhibited cohesive failure during the peel test. So cross-linking agent was employed to improve the shear strength of the PSAs and to eliminate the adhesive residue while at the sacrifice of loop tack and peel strength. As a whole, the optimal performance was obtained by using 1.2 wt % amount of initiator and 0.5 wt % concentration of cross-linker. In this case, the peel and shear strength have achieved the best balance. In addition, for the cross-linked PSA tapes, the peel strength slightly decreased with the dwell time.     

An Azaacene Derivative as Promising Electron‐Transport Layer for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

It is highly desirable to develop novel n‐type organic small molecules as an efficient electron‐transport layer (ETL) for the replacement of PCBM to obtain high‐performance metal‐oxide‐free, solution‐processed inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because this type of solar cells with a low‐temperature and solution‐based process would make their fabrication more feasible and practical. In this research, the new azaacene QCAPZ has been synthesized and employed as non‐fullerene ETL material for inverted PSCs through a solution‐based process without the need for additional dopants or additives. The as‐fabricated inverted PSCs show a power conversion efficiency up to 10.26 %. Our results clearly suggest that larger azaacenes could be promising electron‐transport materials to achieve high‐performance solution‐processed inverted PSCs.     

Analysis of the Sojourn Time Distribution for M/GL/1 Queue with Bulk-Service of Exactly Size L

Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability - This paper presents a simple algorithm for computing the cumulative distribution function of the sojourn time of a random customer in an M/GL/1...