Establishment of an integrated data fusion method between the colorimeter and near-infrared spectroscopy to discriminate the stir-baked Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

Stir-heating is a common method to process Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. The processing of the G. jasminoides Ellis which do not meet the regulated requirements can result in the unqualified products, finally decreasing the efficacy of the drug. To guarantee the quality of the stir-baked G. jasminoides Ellis, a rapid and efficient method to discriminate the qualified stir-baked G. jasminoides Ellis from the unqualified was developed based on the middle level data fusion. 61 batches of qualified and unqualified stir-baked G. jasminoides Ellis were collected and analyzed using colorimeter and near-infrared spectroscopy, separately. L*, A*, and B* were apparent features that quantitatively described the characteristics of samples. The latent variables of partial least squares discriminant analysis model were extracted as the features of near-infrared spectroscopy. The extracted features from colorimeter and near-infrared spectroscopy were fused and a discriminant model was built using partial least squares discriminant analysis method. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were used to evaluate the ability of classification. As a result, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the optimal partial least squares discriminant analysis model based on fused data were all equal to 1. It demonstrated that the developed method can be capable of discriminating the qualified stir-baked G. jasminoides Ellis from the unqualified. Compared with classification model results using color parameters or near infrared data alone, this data fusion strategy greatly improved the accuracy of classification.     

3-D simulation of soot formation in a direct-injection diesel engine based on a comprehensive chemical mechanism and method of moments

Here, we propose both a comprehensive chemical mechanism and a reduced mechanism for a three-dimensional combustion simulation, describing the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in a direct-injection diesel engine. A soot model based on the reduced mechanism and a method of moments is also presented. The turbulent diffusion flame and PAH formation in the diesel engine were modelled using the reduced mechanism based on the detailed mechanism using a fixed wall temperature as a boundary condition. The spatial distribution of PAH concentrations and the characteristic parameters for soot formation in the engine cylinder were obtained by coupling a detailed chemical kinetic model with the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model. Comparison of the simulated results with limited experimental data shows that the chemical mechanisms and soot model are realistic and correctly describe the basic physics of diesel combustion but require further development to improve their accuracy.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of continuous Al2O3 fibre reinforced Ni45Al45Cr7.5Ta2.5 alloy (IP75) matrix composites

Single crystalline Al₂O₃ fibres (sapphire), coated with the NiAl alloy IP75 by physical vapour deposition (PVD), were assembled to fabricate composites by means of diffusion bonding. The microstructure and chemistry of both as-coated fibre and as-diffusion bonded composites were investigated by electron microscopy and microanalysis. The interface shear stress for complete debonding was measured by fibre push-out tests at room temperature, and the composite tensile strength was measured at 900°C and 1100°C. An amorphous layer with a thickness of about 400?nm formed between the fibre and the matrix during the PVD process and was maintained during diffusion bonding. A Laves phase precipitated along NiAl grain boundaries in the IP75 matrix. This caused a lower tensile strength of the IP75/Al₂O₃ composite at high temperatures compared to as-cast monolithic IP75 and rendered the composite useless for structural applications.     

基于近似l0范数最小化的NMR波谱稀疏重建算法

在核磁共振（NMR）波谱中,过长的数据采集时间会使很多化学以及分子生物学领域的高分辨率多维谱应用难以实现. 传统的解决办法是使用随机非均匀采样代替奈奎斯特采样,但这样会使谱图质量受损. 压缩传感的出现为此提供了更好的解决办法,合适的压缩传感重建算法可以通过很少的随机非均匀采样将谱图高质量的重建出来. 该文先介绍了一种可用于谱图重建的压缩传感重建算法,名为“平滑l₀范数最小化法”,然后针对该算法对采样噪声鲁棒性较差的缺点进行了改进. 通过将改进后的算法与原算法在一维实数域信号以及NMR波谱信号重建实验中进行对比后表明,改进后的算法对噪声的鲁棒性明显提高,并能获得更好的重建性能.     

食饵种群具有常数收获率的捕食—食饵模型分析

本文研究食饵种群具有常数收获效的捕食－食饵模型：｛ｄｘ／ｄｔ＝ｂｘ＾２（１－ｘ／ｋ）－βｘｙ－ｈｄｙ／ｄｔ＝－ｃｙ＋ｄｘｙ讨论了极限环的存在性、唯一性和正平衡点的全局稳定性以及分界线环的存在性。     

弹性平面扇形域问题及哈密顿体系*

通过变量代换及变分原理,将平面弹性扇形域的方程导向哈密顿体系,从而可用分离变量法、本征函数展开等方法求解扇形域的分析单元,这样便可以与有限元的程序系统相结合。显示了哈密顿体系、辛数学的应用潜力。     

关于B-凸空间及其上黎斯算子West分解

给出 Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间列｛Ｘｉ｝ｉ＝１∞的 ｌｐ乘积Ｂ－凸的特征刻划, 证明Ｂ－凸空间上的每个黎斯算子可Ｗｅｓｔ分解,即分解成一个紧算子和一个拟幂 零算子的和．     

基于粒子滤波的运动目标光电定位仿真研究

运动目标的光电定位不能像静止目标那样简单做均值滤波,鉴于此,引入粒子滤波算法,它不仅可以应用于线性系统,而且还适用于非线性系统。结合光电定位需求,详细推导了计算公式及初值和参数选取公式,对只含测量噪声以及含有测量和运动噪声等的海面运动目标光电无源定位算法进行了仿真计算,验证了算法的有效性,讨论了噪声强度对滤波效果的影响,滤波参数选择对滤波效果的影响,目标运动方式对滤波跟随性的影响,重采样算法对滤波效果的影响等。所得结论为:粒子滤波可用于运动目标光电定位过程,可有效降低定位误差;粒子滤波算法具有较强鲁棒性,适用于噪声较大、目标运动形态变化大等情况。     

载机平台光电转塔目标定位的仿真算法

目标定位是光电转塔典型功能和任务之一,对其定位精度的考量也是转塔作战技术指标之一,针对该问题,从理论和仿真角度进行了分析。分析目标定位中用到的坐标系及其相互转换关系,给出光电转塔视轴反演、有源目标定位、无源目标定位的算法流程,通过仿真实验加以验证,考虑了定位过程中可能的随机误差来源,并分析是否采用均值滤波及其对定位结果的影响,最后通过Monte-Carlo分析计算了定位精度。分析结果表明:1）有源定位比无源定位的精度高,在仿真假设条件下,精度约提高1倍;2）均值滤波后,定位精度有较大提升（约提高15倍）;3）18 km距离时典型无源定位精度在80%置信度条件下约为39.4 m;4）统计直方图反映出80%置信度CEP半径及最大误差距离随载机位置、姿态、转塔视轴等（体现在目标载机距离上）不同参数的变化结果。     

Time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations for multi-gap superconductors

We numerically solve the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations for two-gap superconductors using the finite-element technique. The real-time simulation shows that at low magnetic field, the vortices in small-size samples tend to form clusters or other disorder structures. When the sample size is large, stripes appear in the pattern. These results are in good agreement with the previous experimental observations of the intriguing anomalous vortex pattern, providing a reliable theoretical basis for the future applications of multi-gap superconductors.