Plasmonic refraction‐induced ultrahigh transparency of highly conducting metallic networks

We demonstrate a high optoelectronic performance and application potential of our random network, with subwavelength diameter, ultralong, and high‐quality silver nanowires, stabilized on a substrate with a UV binder. Our networks show very good optoelectronic properties, with the single best figure of merit of ∼1686, and excellent stability under harsh mechanical strain, as well as thermal, and chemical challenge. Our network transparency strongly exceeds the simple shading limit. We show that this transmission enhancement is due to plasmonic refraction, which in an effective medium picture involves localized plasmons, and identify the inhomogeneous broadening as the key factor in promoting this mechanism. Such networks could become a basis for a next generation of ultrahigh‐performance transparent conductors.

     

Structural dynamics and stability analysis of 2D-FG microbeams with two-directional porosity distribution and variable material length scale parameter

Abstract

Since the two-directional functionally graded (2D-FG) materials can satisfy the new requirements raised based on the elimination of the stress concentration, delamination and cracking problems accompanying with the low cost and lightweight on the structures without sacrificing the stiffness and strength, the structural analyses of these structures become more important than ever. Moreover, the usage of the micro-electromechanical systems composed of 2D-FG materials has been increasing in automotive, military, space, biomedical, and nuclear energy industries. Within this study, the free vibration and buckling behaviors of 2D-FG porous microbeams are investigated based on the modified couple stress theory by employing a transverse shear-normal deformation beam theory and using finite element method. The effects of the thickness to material length scale parameter (MLSP) accompanying with the micro-porosity volume fraction ratio, boundary condition, aspect ratio, and gradient index on the dimensionless fundamental frequencies and dimensionless critical buckling loads of the 2D-FG porous microbeams are investigated. Moreover, with assumption of the variable material length scale parameters (VMLSP), the computed results are compared with ones obtained by employing constant MLSP. It is found that VMLSP increases the stiffness of the 2D-FG porous microbeams and effects the free vibration and buckling responses of these structures.     

Synthesis of Furo[2,3‐d]pyridazin‐4(5H)‐one and Its N(5)‐Substituted Derivatives

We report the efficient preparation of furo[2,3‐d]pyridazin‐4(5H)‐one and its N‐substituted derivatives starting from methyl 2‐methylfuran‐3‐carboxylate. The Me group was converted to the aldehyde group, which was then condensed with hydrazine derivatives. Then, the ester functionalities were hydrolyzed to the corresponding acids, followed by treatment with SOCl₂ to give N‐substituted furopyridazinone derivatives.     

Novel bound states treatment of the two dimensional Schrödinger equation with pseudocentral potentials plus multiparameter noncentral potential

By converting the rectangular basis potential V(x, y) into the form as \({V({r}) + V({r},\varphi)}\) described by the pseudo central plus noncentral potential, particular solutions of the two dimensional Schrödinger equation in plane-polar coordinates have been carried out through the analytic approaching technique of the Nikiforov and Uvarov. Both the exact bound state energy spectra and the corresponding bound state wavefunctions of the complete system are determined explicitly and in closed forms. Our presented results are identical to those of the previous works and they may also be useful for investigation and analysis of structural characteristics in a variety of quantum systems.     

Reduced protein adsorption by osmolytes

Osmolytes are substances that affect osmosis and are used by cells to adapt to environmental stress. Here, we report a neutron reflectivity study on the influence of some osmolytes on protein adsorption at solid-liquid interfaces. Bovine ribonuclease A (RNase) and bovine insulin were used as model proteins adsorbing at a hydrophilic silica and at a hydrophobic polystyrene surface. From the neutron reflectivity data, the adsorbed protein layers were characterized in terms of layer thickness, protein packing density, and adsorbed protein mass in the absence and presence of urea, trehalose, sucrose, and glycerol. All data point to the clear effect of these nonionic cosolvents on the degree of protein adsorption. For example, 1 M sucrose leads to a reduction of the adsorbed amount of RNase by 39% on a silica surface and by 71% on a polystyrene surface. Trehalose was found to exhibit activity similar to that of sucrose. The changes in adsorbed protein mass can be attributed to a decreased packing density of the proteins in the adsorbed layers. Moreover, we investigated insulin adsorption at a hydrophobic surface in the absence and presence of glycerol. The degree of insulin adsorption is decreased by even 80% in the presence of 4 M of glycerol. The results of this study demonstrate that nonionic cosolvents can be used to tune and control nonspecific protein adsorption at aqueous-solid interfaces, which might be relevant for biomedical applications.     

Hydrogen isotope type-curves of very hot crude oils

Several crude oil accumulations in the Pannonian Basin are trapped in uncommonly hot (>170°C) reservoirs. Their maturities range from mature to very mature on the basis of cracking parameters of their biological marker homologous series (ratio of products to reactants). A stable carbon isotopic study of these oils, poor in biological markers commonly used for correlation purposes, did not provide a reliable oil-to-oil correlation. As an alternative tool, the hydrogen isotope compositions of oil fractions separated on the basis of different polarities were measured, and hydrogen isotope type-curves were generated for a set of mature to very mature crude oil samples. This method of presenting hydrogen isotope composition of fractions as type-curves is novel. Nineteen samples (17 crude oils from SE-Hungary, 1 oil condensate and 1 artificial oil) were chosen for the present study. The aim was to examine the applicability of hydrogen isotope type-curves in oil-to-oil correlation and to test the simultaneous application of carbon and hydrogen isotope type-curves in the field of petroleum geochemistry. We have shown that, although the conventionally used co-variation plots proved to be inadequate for the correlation of these hot and mature oils, the simultaneous use of carbon and the newly introduced hydrogen isotope type-curves allows us to group and distinguish oils of different origins.     

Abkühlungskurven von Natriumstearatlösungen in Gegenwart von Elektrolyten

Ohne Zusammenfassung Ins Deutsche übersetzt von E. Lottermoser (Leipzig).