Synthesis of ferrocenyl pyrazoles by the reaction of (2-formyl-1-chlorovinyl)ferrocene with hydrazines

Synthesis of ferrocenyl-substituted pyrazoles via the reaction between (2-formyl-1-chlorovinyl)ferrocene and hydrazine derivatives is described. Depending upon the substitution pattern of hydrazine, the reaction affords 1-alkyl/aryl-5-ferrocenylpyrazoles and/or 1-alkyl/aryl-3-ferrocenylpyrazoles. The reaction appears to be general for a variety of hydrazine derivatives.     

Determination of the external field amplitude and deviation parameter through expectation value based quantum optimal control of multiharmonic oscillators under linear control agents

This work focuses on the optimal control of a quantum system composed of harmonic oscillators under linear control agents (dipole function, objective operator, and the penalty operator whose expectation value is to be suppressed). The main purpose of the work is to determine the temporal external field amplitude function. Paper recalls the formulation of the optimal control equations first. Then a set of ordinary differential equations over the expectation values of certain unknown entities is constructed. These temporal differential equations have time varying coefficients unless the weight functions appearing in the cost functional are constant. Certain accompanying conditions are needed to get unique solutions. Investigations show that one half of the conditions should be given at the initial instant and the other half should be specified at the final moment. Since the differential equations contain another unknown entity, deviation parameter, solutions must satisfy an algebraic equation derived from the definition of this parameter. Results do not involve the explicit structure of the wave function and costate function. Only the external field amplitude and the deviation parameter are determined here. The evaluation of the wave function and costate function needs additional treatments to the control equations. We report certain analytical results for external field amplitude and the deviation parameter and give certain illustrative implementations to finalize the paper.     

Oxygen deficiency effects on recombination lifetime and photoluminescence characteristics of ZnO thin films; correlation with crystal structure

The photoluminescence (PL), recombination lifetime (RL), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of the samples grown at various O₂ fractions of 0.290 (Zn-rich), 0.585 (moderate), and 0.836 (O-rich) over the total pressures in the growth chamber were investigated. XRD measurements revealed that all the films show highly preferred (0002) orientation. The PL measurements exhibit different dominant emissions in the ultraviolet (UV), violet and blue regions for Zn-rich, moderate and O-rich samples, respectively. Well-known green emission and high intensity of free exciton (FX) transition has been observed in Zn-rich sample after the sample is annealed at vacuum probably due to the oxygen deficiencies. Annealing the moderate sample gives rise to the UV emission at energy of 3.263 eV similar to the observed PL emission spectrum for the Zn-rich thin film. O-rich thin film exhibits a 338 meV acceptor level above the valance band maximum, most probably related to zinc vacancy (V_Zn). Free exciton RL measurements result in 568.23, 397.65, and 797.46 ps for Zn-rich, moderate, and O-rich thin films, respectively. A good correlation was found between crystallite size and the lifetime values.     

Phytochemical Analysis of Some Sideritis Species of Turkey

Linearol, foliol, epicandicandiol, siderol and ent-7,18-dihydroxy-15,16-epoxykaurane have been investigated for antibacterial activity test. Highest activity of epicandicandiol has been determined against E-coli.