The multicomponent reaction of dimethoxycarbene, dimethyl butynedioate and electrophilic styrenes: an unprecedented synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentenone acetals

The zwitterionic species generated by the addition of dimethoxycarbene to dimethyl butynedioate is trapped by arylidenemalononitrile to yield cyclopentenone derivatives.     

Ortho-tellurated derivatives of some arylamines and imines

A range of novel bi-, tri- and multidentate organotellurium ligands containing Te and N donor atoms and their derivatives have been synthesised. The synthetic strategy involves telluration of orthochelating, monoanionic substrates derived from the following arylamines: N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, (S)-(-)-N,Ndimethyl-1-phenethylamine, N,N-dimethylnaphthylamine, (N,N-di-methylaminomethy l) ferrocene, tricarbony1(N, N-dimethylbenzenemethanamine) chromium and 2-(3-thienyl)-pyridine. In addition novel chiral hybrid Schiff base ligands have been prepared by the condensation reaction of bis(o-formylphenyl) telluride ando-butyltellurobenzaldehyde with (R)-(+)-l-phenethylamine and (1R, 2S)-(-)-norephedrine.     

Branched Carbon Nanotube Junctions Predicted by Computational Nanotechnology and Fabricated through Nanowelding

Examples of progress in fabricating branched multi-terminal multi-wall and single-wall carbon nanotube junctions as predicted by nanotechnology simulations, using template growth and nanowelding techniques, respectively, have been briefly reviewed in this report. It is argued that similar general progress in computational nanotechnology-driven fabrication of applications in other nanomaterials such as nanotubes, fullerenes, nanowires, quantum dots, DNA molecules, and nanoparticle-based systems and devices are also feasible. This is because, at nanometer length scale, system sizes have shrunk sufficiently small such that it is feasible to simulate the structural, stability, and physical and chemical characteristics with very high accuracy predictive simulations.     

A determinant of symmetric forms

Let Δ(α + β) = |H_λ2?r+1| where H_r is the complete symmetric function in (α₁ + β₁), (α₂ + β₂), …, (α_n + β_n). It is proved that Δ(α + β) ? Δ(α) + Δ(β). This inequality is generalised for certain symmetric functions defined by Littlewood. Let . Then we prove that Ω(α + β) ? Ω(α) + Ω(β). Here λ₁, λ₂, λ₃, …, λ_n is a partition such that λ_n > λ_n?1 > ··· > λ₂ > λ₁.     

Polarographic reduction of pyruvic acid

The application of Delahay’s theory of kinetic polarographic currents as applied to the reduction of pyruvic acid has been examined. It is shown that the agreement between Delahay’s theory and the available data is more satisfactory, if one assumes that the current is controlled by the rate of the reaction between pyruvate ion and water molecule forming pyruvic acid and hydroxyl ion, than when one assumes the mechanism suggested by the earlier workers involving the rate of reaction between pyruvate ion and hydrogen-ion, both from the point of view of the magnitude of the diffusion current as well as its pH dependence. The results give an indication of the latter reaction being sluggish due to the activation energy requirements.     

Trap distribution changes in quenched KCl by heating or pressure

Pure Potassium chloride, when quenched rapidly from melt shows pronounced glow peak at 250°K. The intensity of the glow peak has been found to decrease by heating the specimen to around 450°K, or by subjecting it to pressure. A qualitative interpretation of these effects has been offered on the basis of quenched —in cation —anion vacancy pairs.     

Thermal expansion of zirconium—II

The generalised Gruneisen parameters γ′ = ?? log ω/??′ and γ″ = ?? log ω/??″ have been calculated for various normal mode frequencies using the force model for Zirconium obtained on Keating's approach. There is a general agreement between the normalised frequency distribution curve of Zirconium obtained on the present model and that of Bezdek et al. The temperature dependence of the effective Gruneisen functions $\text{γ}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{\perp }}\text{(T)}$ and $\text{γ}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{|}}\text{(T)}$ has been calculated using the procedure of Blackman. The high temperature limits of $\text{γ}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{\perp }}\text{(T)}$, $\text{γ}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{|}}\text{(T)}$ and $\text{γ}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{v}}$ are in good agreement with those obtained by Goldak et al. from an analysis of the thermal expansion data of Zirconium.     

Flip-flop of glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPI's) across the ER

The transbilayer flip-flop of early intermediates in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthetic pathway has been demonstrated using novel fluorescent GPI probes and a biochemical reconstitution approach.     

Study of surface-bulk mass transport and phase transformation in nano-TiO2 using hyperfine interaction technique

Phase transition from anatase to rutile for the 70 nm TiO₂ crystallite has been investigated by the time differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) technique. The study involved the annealing of the TiO₂ nanocrystals, adsorbed with the nuclear probe (¹⁸¹Hf/¹⁸¹Ta) at trace level, at different temperatures for different durations. The TDPAC measurement was also supported by XRD measurement where the width of the peaks increases with the increase in annealing temperature indicating a crystal growth. The samples annealed up to 823 K for 4 h showed no phase transition, except for the growth of the crystallites. However, it showed phase transition at the same temperature (823 K), when annealed for longer duration, indicating the slower kinetics of the phase transition process. Further the sample, when annealed at 1123 K for 4 h, showed phase transition. It has also been observed that the ¹⁸¹Hf tracer, adsorbed on 70 nm anatase TiO₂, diffuses from surface to bulk during the phase transition process and the extent of diffusion in anatase differs from that in rutile phase. However, surface to bulk mass-transfer is found to play a significant role in the phase transition process.