全文获取类型
收费全文 | 635篇 |
免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 365篇 |
晶体学 | 7篇 |
力学 | 38篇 |
数学 | 122篇 |
物理学 | 113篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 34篇 |
2012年 | 26篇 |
2011年 | 31篇 |
2010年 | 32篇 |
2009年 | 15篇 |
2008年 | 36篇 |
2007年 | 34篇 |
2006年 | 28篇 |
2005年 | 22篇 |
2004年 | 27篇 |
2003年 | 28篇 |
2002年 | 18篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 18篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 8篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1962年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有645条查询结果,搜索用时 531 毫秒
101.
Jordan N Lomenech C Marmier N Giffaut E Ehrhardt JJ 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2009,329(1):17-23
Sorption of selenium(IV) and silicic acid onto magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) was investigated in binary systems, with concentrations of silicic acid under the solubility limit of amorphous silica. Using the double diffuse layer model (DDLM), surface complexation constants of selenium(IV) and H(4)SiO(4) onto magnetite were extracted using Fiteql 4.0. Then, prediction curves of the sorption of selenium(IV) in the presence of silicic acid onto magnetite were obtained, using the calculated surface complexation constants. Finally, laboratory experiments were performed and showed a competition between selenium(IV) and silicic acid for the surface sites of magnetite. Experimental results matched the model predictions, confirming its ability to model qualitatively and quantitatively the ternary system. 相似文献
102.
Moussa Mbaye Mame Diabou Gaye Seye Atanasse Coly Alphonse Tine Jean-Jacques Aaron 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2009,394(4):1089-1098
The photochemically induced fluorescence (PIF) spectral properties of α-cypermethrin in organic solvents (hexane, dichloromethane,
acetonitrile, ethanol) and in cyclodextrin aqueous solutions (β-CD and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD, 2-HP-β-CD) were investigated.
The photolysis kinetics of α-cypermethrin were evaluated in the various media. The PIF signal was found to be significantly
enhanced in the CD media relative to the organic solvents. The stoichiometry and the formation constants of the α-cypermethrin
inclusion complexes formed with the CDs were determined. The analytical performances of the PIF method were improved in the
presence of HP-β-CD relative to the other media, and a CD-enhanced PIF analytical method was developed. The limits of detection
and limits of quantification ranged, respectively, between 6 and 98 ng/mL and between 24 and 343 ng/mL, depending on the medium.
Application to the analysis of tap water and Senegal natural water samples collected close to agricultural areas and spiked
with α-cypermethrin yielded satisfactory recoveries going from about 77% to 98%. An interference study of foreign species,
including pesticides and inorganic ions likely to be present in natural waters, was also carried out.
Figure Photolysis reaction of α-cypermethrin in presence of HP-β-CD 相似文献
103.
Tailoring the porous hierarchy of titanium phosphates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ren TZ Yuan ZY Azioune A Pireaux JJ Su BL 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2006,22(8):3886-3894
First hierarchical titanium phosphate (TiPO) materials with multiple porosities of different lengths (meso-macroporous and meso-macro-macroporous) were synthesized by the self-formation process. The further tuning of the porous hierarchy by using the poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant technique was demonstrated. The macroporous structure (50-160 nm in size) of TiPO with mesoporous walls could be self-formed in the absence of any templatable agents, including surfactant molecules. On the basis of spontaneous structurization, the addition of a small quantity of nonionic poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant (e.g., 5%) led to an improvement in macroporosity in abundance and in regularity with a slight enlargement in macropore sizes to 80-250 nm. Interestingly, a secondary, larger macropore system with parallel channels 500-1000 nm in size was generated when the synthesis was performed with moderately increasing the content of surfactant (10%), giving rise to an unprecedented trimodal meso-macro-macroporous structure. A uniform three-dimensional co-continuous macroporous structure with accessible wormhole-like mesoporous walls was synthesized by using the higher content of surfactants. This is a direct demonstration of tailoring the porous hierarchy of different lengths integrated in one solid body by fine-tuning the self-formation process and the participation of surfactant. The synthesized hierarchical titanium phosphates possess interesting optical and acidic properties, which should be significant for large application potential from catalysis and separation to electrochromic devices, fuel cells, and bioactive materials. 相似文献
104.
The need for organ-targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents creates an interest in biocompatible, biodegradable vesicles. We make protein microspheres using high-intensity ultrasound; these microspheres have a protein shell and a hydrophobic interior, making them ideal for delivering hydrophobic materials. We have previously shown that various proteins, e.g., bovine serum albumin (BSA), form a microsphere shell stabilized by interprotein cross-linking of cysteine residues. In this study, polyglutamate was used to form core-shell microspheres at slightly basic pH using sonication. These particles are smaller than our previous protein microspheres and are stable under conditions encountered in vivo. The stability of polyglutamate microspheres appears to be due to hydrogen bonding networks and not covalent cross-linking. 相似文献
105.
106.
S Drescher G Hempel WH Binder B Dobner A Blume A Meister 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2012,28(31):11615-11624
In the present work, we describe the successful stabilization of bolalipid nanofibers by sol-gel condensation (silicification) of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MP-TEOS), respectively, onto the nanofibers. The conditions for an effective and reproducible silicification reaction were determined, and the silicification process was pursued by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The resulting bolalipid-silica composite nanofibers were characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), TEM, (13)C, and (31)P NMR spectroscopy. Finally, the novel silicified bolalipid nanofibers were used as templates for the fixation of 5 and 2 nm AuNPs, respectively, resulting in one of the rare examples of one-dimensional AuNP arrangements in aqueous suspension. 相似文献
107.
Hélène Tissoux Pierre Voinchet Fréderic Lacquement François Prognon Davinia Moreno Christophe Falguères Jean-Jacques Bahain Shin Toyoda 《Radiation measurements》2012,47(9):894-899
Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) can be used as a method to estimate the age of sediment deposition using the paramagnetic centre related to aluminium impurities in quartz. This so-called Al-centre can be partially optically bleached and its signal intensity decreases in relation to time exposure to solar light, until it reaches a plateau value corresponding to a residual signal. This signal can be attributed to “Deep Aluminium Traps” (DAT) which cannot be reset by an exposure to sunlight. In this study, we have investigated the behaviour of the DAT signal in samples from different origins and ages. The intensity of the DAT signal has been isolated from the total aluminium signal by the exposure of different quartz samples to simulated solar light. We observed that the DAT intensities were sample dependant and therefore it should be determined for each sample. Moreover, DAT intensities of Pleistocene volcanic quartz increase with gamma laboratory irradiation, whereas DAT intensities of sedimentary quartz do not vary with added artificial doses. This suggests that DAT in quartz extracted from sediments must be inherited from the primary source of the quartz, and were saturated at the time of sedimentation. We thereby validate the ESR dating of quartz sediment protocol used so far. 相似文献
108.
Guillerm B Darcos V Lapinte V Monge S Coudane J Robin JJ 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2012,48(23):2879-2881
Well-defined graft copolymers were obtained using a copper-catalysed azide-alkyne Huisgen's cycloaddition click reaction from both biocompatible and non-toxic poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) homopolymers. Resulting amphiphilic copolymers proved to form micelles that could be used as potential drug carriers. 相似文献
109.
A. Meister S. Ortleb Th. Sonar 《Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations》2012,28(6):1840-1868
We adapt the spectral viscosity (SV) formulation implemented as a modal filter to a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method solving hyperbolic conservation laws on triangular grids. The connection between SV and spectral filtering, which is undertaken for the first time in the context of DG methods on unstructured grids, allows to specify conditions on the filter strength regarding time step choice and mesh refinement. A crucial advantage of this novel damping strategy is its low computational cost. We furthermore obtain new error bounds for filtered Dubiner expansions of smooth functions. While high order accuracy with respect to the polynomial degree N is proven for the filtering procedure in this case, an adaptive application is proposed to retain the high spatial approximation order. Although spectral filtering stabilizes the scheme, it leaves weaker oscillations. Therefore, as a postprocessing step, we apply the image processing technique of digital total variation (DTV) filtering in the new context of DG solutions and prove conservativity in the limit for this filtering procedure. Numerical experiments for scalar conservation laws confirm the designed order of accuracy of the DG scheme with adaptive modal filtering for polynomial degrees up to 8 and the viability of spectral and DTV filtering in case of shocks. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2011 相似文献
110.
M. Stanislawki J. Meister T. Mitra M.M. Ivanenko K. Zanger P. Hering 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2001,72(1):115-120
The Er:YAG and the CO2 laser are competitors in the field of hard tissue ablation. The use of Er:YAG lasers (2.94 μm, pulse length
L of 100 to 200 μs) show smaller areas of thermal defects then ‘‘superpulsed’’ CO2 lasers with pulse lengths of approximately 100 μs. Only the development of a Q-switched CO2 laser (9.6 μm, τL=250 ns) allowed for similar results. In this paper new results for the Er:YAG and the Q-switched CO2 laser under the influence of water spray will be presented. Several parameters are of special interest for these investigations:
the specific ablation energy, which shows a minimum for the CO2 laser at an energy density of 9 J/cm 2 and a broad shallow minimum in the range of 10 to 70 J/cm2 for the Er:YAG laser, and comparison of the cut-shape and depth. Surface effects and cutting velocity are discussed based
on SEM pictures.
Received: 19 July 2000 / Revised version: 1 November 2000 / Published online: 30 November 2000 相似文献