非对称信息下供应商-零售商供应链的批量折扣决策

在供应链管理的文献中,许多工作研究供应商如何使用激励手段,如数量折扣,去影响零售商的订货行为以增加供应商的利润(与整个供应链的利润).多种形式的激励策略模型已有许多,但通常有一个关键的假设,即,供应商关于零售商的成本结构具有完全信息.本文研究了在非对称信息下供应商的最优数量折扣决策问题,得到了最优策略,并与完全信息的情形进行了比较.     

A Mössbauer study on TiBaCa3(Cu1−xFex)3O8.5 superconductors

Two main superconducting phases, 1223 and 2223 in TiBaCa₃Cu₃O_8.5 superconductor, are identified by powder x-ray analysis and⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis. The Mössbauer fitting results shown that iron atoms in the lattice substitute two inequivalent sites of copper atoms for each main phase. The temperature dependence of Mössbauer parameters are obtained, and several problems are discussed which relate to the electric charge transfer which takes place around the superconducting transition temperature, the lattice dynamics and the effect on oxygen deficiency at different temperatures.     

On monomial k-Buchsbaum curves in ℙ3

Using the theory of affine semigroup rings we describe all strictly 2-Buchsbaum monomial curves in ℙ³.     

共聚物P(VDF-TrFE)在高压下的电学性质与相变(英)

研究了共聚物P（VDF－TrFE）（物质的量分数分别为80％、20％）在室温下、14GPa内的电容、电阻与压力的关系。实验结果表明，它在14GPa内存在两个相交：第一个相变发生在1．1GPa左右；而第二个相变发生在5～6GPa左右。     

Simulation of texture evolution for nematic liquid crystalline polymers under shear flow

The development of microstructure in nematic liquid crystalline polymers under shear flow is investigated through computational simulation. By using a tensorial expression for the elastic torque, the nemato-dynamic equation is numerically resolved. The simulation shows that elastic anisotropy has a strong influence on the evolution of the director and that the 'log-rolling' orientation of the directors emerges for tumbling nematics if the twist constant is smaller than the splay and the bend constants, even though one starts from a structure in which the directors are aligned within the velocity and velocity gradient plane. The interaction of wedge disclination pairs subject to a shear flow field is also simulated. The generation, multiplication and interaction of inversion wall defects during shearing have been revealed. In general the wall moves to the boundaries and is absorbed by the boundaries. When two walls of opposite orientation meet, a loop may form, then shrink, and finally collapse. Correspondingly, if they have the same orientation, commutation will occur.     

Structure and isomerization of O,O-phenylene penta-coordinated phosphoryl serine

A stable penta-coordinated serine-carboxylic-phosphoric anhydride may be synthesized at temperatures below −18 °C. Above that temperature, the product was shown to isomerize to another penta-coordinated phosphorus compound, which was proven by the change in the magnitude of observed P–C coupling constants. The mechanism for the anhydride to ester isomerization might provide a clue to the proposal of high-energy supply for biochemistry. Organic bases were shown to exert little influence on the rate of isomerization.     

Self-formation of GaN hollow nanocolumns by inductively coupled plasma etching

GaN hollow nanocolumns were formed by inductively coupled plasma etching. It was found that the tops of the GaN nanocolumns were hexagonal with the c axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. It was also found that the density of the GaN nanocolumns depends strongly on etching parameters, which suggests that the formation of these GaN nanocolumns was not related to the dislocation density in the original GaN epitaxial layers. With an Ar concentration of 42.86%, it was found that the diameter of the whole nanocolumns was around 80 nm and the diameter of the nanocavities inside these nanocolumns was around 40 nm, while the density of the nanocolumns was around 4.4×10⁹ cm^-2. PACS 68.65.-K; 61.70.+w; 81.10.BK     

550-W diode-pumped Nd:YAG disk laser

When a thin laser crystal disk is used with a nearly flat-top pump profile, the heat flux can be considered to be one-dimensional. This results in a homogeneous temperature and stress profile within the laser medium leading to reduction of thermal effects. A nearly flat-top pump profile is achieved with a two-pass cylindrical-lens coupling system. An average output power of 550 W is obtained by an average pumping