Analytic expressions for the partial waves of the off-shell two body coulomb T-matrix

Closed form expressions for all partial waves of the pure Coulomb off-shell T-matrix p¦ T_c,l.(k ²) ¦p are obtained. All singularities appear through simple special functions, which makes it possible to study the analytic properties of p¦ T_c,l(k²) ¦p as a function not only of one of the momentap, p but even of both of them. With use of the renormalization procedure found by Zorbas the transition to half-and on-shell values is performed reproducing known expressions. By the same method simple expressions for the partial waves of the Coulomb wave function in the momentum representation are found.     

微区X射线荧光光谱成像法分析历史文物建筑混凝土材料成分及工艺

历史文物建筑修复与保护的首要步骤是对建材构件进行成分解析。但成型的混凝土构件成分复杂,传统技术难以直接分析。微区X射线荧光光谱具有速度快、无需前处理、可获得大面积高分辨的元素成像等优势,可用于此类混合物的原位分析。本文采用束斑为20μm的微区X射线荧光光谱仪,扫描成型混凝土构件以获得混合成分的元素分布图,结合基本参数定量法,对上海地区典型历史建筑混泥土构件进行元素定量。分析结果有效地解析了混凝土构建中骨料和凝胶材料的成分和含量,鉴别了涂层成分,解析了拌混工艺,鉴别了局部污染元素和致劣元素并分析致劣原因,为历史建筑修复材料选配、拌混工艺选择、除污及保护性预防劣化提供了科学的数据支撑。     

KEADA: Identifying Key Classes in Software Systems Using Dynamic Analysis and Entropy-Based Metrics

Software maintenance is indispensable in the software development process. Developers need to spend a lot of time and energy to understand the software when maintaining the software, which increases the difficulty of software maintenance. It is a feasible method to understand the software through the key classes of the software. Identifying the key classes of the software can help developers understand the software more quickly. Existing techniques on key class identification mainly use static analysis techniques to extract software structure information. Such structure information may contain redundant relationships that may not exist when the software runs and ignores the actual interaction times between classes. In this paper, we propose an approach based on dynamic analysis and entropy-based metrics to identify key classes in the Java GUI software system, called KEADA (identifying KEy clAsses based on Dynamic Analysis and entropy-based metrics). First, KEADA extracts software structure information by recording the calling relationship between classes during the software running process; such structure information takes into account the actual interaction of classes. Second, KEADA represents the structure information as a weighted directed network and further calculates the importance of each node using an entropy-based metric OSE (One-order Structural Entropy). Third, KEADA ranks classes in descending order according to their OSE values and selects a small number of classes as the key class candidates. In order to verify the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted experiments on three Java GUI software systems and compared them with seven state-of-the-art approaches. We used the Friedman test to evaluate all approaches, and the results demonstrate that our approach performs best in all software systems.     

Molecular Simulation to Explore the Dissolution Behavior of Sulfur in Carbon Disulfide

Soluble sulfur (S₈) and insoluble sulfur (IS) have different application fields, and molecular dynamics simulation can reveal their differences in solubility in solvents. It is found that in the simulated carbon disulfide (CS₂) solvent, soluble sulfur in the form of clusters mainly promotes the dissolution of clusters through van der Waals interaction between solvent molecules (CS₂) and S₈, and the solubility gradually increases with the increase in temperature. However, the strong interaction between polymer chains of insoluble sulfur in the form of polymer hinders the diffusion of IS into CS₂ solvent, which is not conducive to high-temperature dissolution. The simulated solubility parameter shows that the solubility parameter of soluble sulfur is closer to that of the solvent, which is consistent with the above explanation that soluble sulfur is easy to dissolve.     

Effect of Different Processing Methods on the Chemical Constituents of Scrophulariae Radix as Revealed by 2D NMR-Based Metabolomics

Scrophulariae Radix (SR) is one of the oldest and most frequently used Chinese herbs for oriental medicine in China. Before clinical use, the SR should be processed using different methods after harvest, such as steaming, “sweating”, and traditional fire-drying. In order to investigate the difference in chemical constituents using different processing methods, the two-dimensional (2D) ¹H-¹³C heteronuclear single quantum correlation (¹H-¹³C HSQC)-based metabolomics approach was applied to extensively characterize the difference in the chemical components in the extracts of SR processed using different processing methods. In total, 20 compounds were identified as potential chemical markers that changed significantly with different steaming durations. Seven compounds can be used as potential chemical markers to differentiate processing by sweating, hot-air drying, and steaming for 4 h. These findings could elucidate the change of chemical constituents of the processed SR and provide a guide for the processing. In addition, our protocol may represent a general approach to characterizing chemical compounds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and therefore might be considered as a promising approach to exploring the scientific basis of traditional processing of TCM.     

HIGH-FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS OF CORRUGATED CYLINDRICAL PIEZOELECTRIC SHELLS

Coupled extensional and flexural cylindrical vibrations of a corrugated cylindrical piezoelectric shell consisting of multiple pieces of circular cylindrical surfaces smoothly connected along their generatrix are studied. To validate the results for the case of relatively thick shells or equivalently high-frequency modes with short wavelengths, existing analysis is extended by considering shear deformation and rotatory inertia. An analytical solution is obtained. Based on the solution, resonant frequencies and mode shapes are calculated.     

Cloning,Expression, Purification,and Characterization of β-Galactosidase from Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum

Expression and purification of β-galactosidases derived from Bifidobacterium provide a new resource for efficient lactose hydrolysis and lactose intolerance alleviation. Here, we cloned and expressed two β-galactosidases derived from Bifidobacterium. The optimal pH for BLGLB1 was 5.5, and the optimal temperature was 45 °C, at which the enzyme activity of BLGLB1 was higher than that of commercial enzyme E (300 ± 3.6 U/mg) under its optimal conditions, reaching 2200 ± 15 U/mg. The optimal pH and temperature for BPGLB1 were 6.0 and 45 °C, respectively, and the enzyme activity (0.58 ± 0.03 U/mg) under optimum conditions was significantly lower than that of BLGLB1. The structures of the two β-galactosidase were similar, with all known key sites conserved. When o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside (oNPG) was used as an enzyme reaction substrate, the maximum reaction velocity (V_max) for BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 3700 ± 100 U/mg and 1.1 ± 0.1 U/mg, respectively. The kinetic constant (K_m) of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 1.9 ± 0.1 and 1.3 ± 0.3 mmol/L, respectively. The respective catalytic constant (k_cat) of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 1700 ± 40 s⁻¹ and 0.5 ± 0.02 s⁻¹, respectively; the respective k_cat/K_m value of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 870 L/(mmol∙s) and 0.36 L/(mmol∙s), respectively. The K_m, k_cat and V_max values of BLGLB1 were superior to those of earlier reported β-galactosidase derived from Bifidobacterium. Overall, BLGLB1 has potential application in the food industry.     

水杨酸甲酯在β-环糊精水溶液中的双重荧光光谱

研究了β-环糊精(β-CD)及其衍生物甲基-β-环糊精(M-β-CD)、羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)对水杨酸甲酯(MS)双重荧光光谱的影响,并将其与MS在不同溶剂中的荧光光谱进行对比。结果表明,MS的双重荧光与所处微环境的氢键性质密切相关,β-CD取代基的大小会导致空腔口处的极性和空间位阻不同,相应改变了分子间氢键相互作用,当MS分子进入β-CDs空腔时会引起其基态互变异构体之间平衡的移动,从而导致光谱的变化。包合物稳定常数测定表明,三种β-CDs对MS包合能力的大小为M-β-CD>HP-β-CD>β-CD。     

安培环路定理的应用技巧

就如何判断问题是否满足条件∮L B·dl=BL进而可以用安培环路定理进行讨论．