胺基酚醛型吸附树脂对染料废水的吸附与脱色

研究了胺基酚醛型吸附树脂对4种水溶性染料酸性橙II,活性红R-3B、活性黑KN-B、活性翠蓝KN-G的吸附性能。探讨了浓度、温度等因素对染料吸附性能的影响。结果表明,吸附树脂对酸性橙II具有较好的吸附;升高温度有利于吸附;随染料浓度的增大,树脂的吸附量增加。吸附树脂对4种水溶性染料的吸附速率较快,达到吸附平衡所用时间较短。对模拟废水的脱色率均达到了95.7%以上。     

Visible Light-Driven Alkyne-Grafted Ethylene-Bridged Azobenzene Chromophores for Photothermal Utilization

Molecular photoswitches are considered to be important candidates in the field of solar energy storage due to their sensitive and reversible bidirectional optical response. Nevertheless, it is still a daunting challenge to design a molecular photoswitch to improve the low solar spectrum utilization and quantum yields while achieving charging and discharging of heat without solvent assistance. Herein, a series of visible-light-driven ethylene-bridged azobenzene (b-Azo) chromophores with different alkyne substituents which can undergo isomerization reactions promoted in both directions by visible light are reported. Their visible light responsiveness improves their solar spectrum utilization while also having high quantum yields. In addition, as the compounds are liquids, there is no need to dissolve the compounds in order to exploit this switching. The photoisomerization of b-Azo can be adjusted by alkyne-related substituents, and hexyne-substituted b-Azo is able to store and release photothermal energy with a high density of 106.1 J·g⁻¹, and can achieve a temperature increase of 1.8 °C at a low temperature of −1 °C.     

振动噪声等高图的电驱动桥噪声预测及优化*

在项目开发前期通过优化电驱动桥扭矩特性的设计,可以规避噪声大问题。根据电驱动桥台架在对应扭矩下的振动噪声特性,提出了一套稳定高效的测试流程和分析方法。首先设计了一套完整的试验流程,制定了精准的数据分析方法。然后绘制出能够全面反映电驱动桥振动噪声特性的等高图。最后利用电驱动桥台架的振动噪声等高图,准确评估电驱动桥加速工况下振动噪声风险,为主机厂和电驱动桥零部件企业提供电驱动桥扭矩特性设计前期指导。利用该方法成功识别到某电驱动桥匀速及加速工况下电机及齿轮的啸叫问题。通过优化电驱动桥扭矩特性设计,电机48阶噪声峰值降低了8.5dB(A),确认该方法准确可靠,具备推广应用价值。     

硬脂酸钾固体润滑薄膜的制备及其摩擦磨损性能研究

采用浸渍-提拉法制备出硬脂酸钾薄膜,用DF-PM型静-动摩擦磨损试验机和UMT-2MT型摩擦磨损试验机考察了在低速滑动和高速滑动条件下硬脂酸钾薄膜的摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线能量色散谱仪观察分析了薄膜及偶件磨损表面的形貌及其典型元素的面分布情况.结果表明,以GCr15钢球为偶件在高速滑动和以氮化硅球作为偶件在高、低速滑动条件下,薄膜具有较好的摩擦磨损性能.由于钢球和氮化硅陶瓷球表面粗糙度及其化学状态存在差异,硬脂酸钾更容易在氮化硅球表面形成转移膜,从而具有更低的摩擦系数和更长的耐磨寿命.     

PTC: Full and Drift Particle Orbit Tracing Code for α Particles in Tokamak Plasmas

Fusion born α particle confinement is one of the most important issues in burning plasmas,such as ITER and CFETR.However,it is extremely complex due to the nonequilibrium characteristics,and multiple temporal and spatial scales coupling with background plasma.A numerical code using particle orbit tracing method(PTC)has been developed to study energetic particle confinement in tokamak plasmas.Both full orbit and drift orbit solvers are implemented to analyze the Larmor radius effects on α particle confinement.The elastic collisions between alpha particles and thermal plasma are calculated by a Monte Carlo method.A triangle mesh in poloidal section is generated for electromagnetic fields expression.Benchmark between PTC and ORBIT has been accomplished for verification.For CFETR burning plasmas,PTC code is used for α particle source and slowing down process calculation in 2D equilibrium.In future work,3D field like toroidal field ripples,Alfven and magnetohydrodynamics instabilities perturbation inducing α particle transport will be analyzed.     

基于机器学习的直接电离质谱爆炸物检测方法

直接电离质谱系统在现场快速检测中的应用日益广泛,主要用于爆炸物、毒品、食品添加剂等的检测.然而,直接电离质谱系统中质谱信号波动大且同一浓度样品峰强呈现对数正态分布,严重影响了检出限附近低浓度样品的检测准确性.该研究将乙酰水杨酸(115个样品)作为爆炸物模拟物,利用介质阻挡放电离子源与质谱系统,研究了基于机器学习的直接电...     

Characterization of Roasting Time on Sensory Quality,Color, Taste,and Nonvolatile Compounds of Yuan An Yellow Tea

Roasting is crucial for producing Yuan An yellow tea (YAYT) as it substantially affects sensory quality. However, the effect of roasting time on YAYT flavor quality is not clear. To investigate the effect of roasting time on the sensory qualities, chemical components, odor profiles, and metabolic profile of YAYTs produced with 13 min roasting, 16 min roasting, 19 min roasting, 22 min roasting, and 25 min roasting were determined. The YAYTs roasted for 22 min got higher sensory scores and better chemical qualities, such as the content of gallocatechin (GC), gallocatechin gallate (GCG), free amino acids, solutable sugar, meanwhile the lightness decreased, the hue of tea brew color (b) increased, which meant the tea brew got darker and yellower. YAYTs roasted for 22 min also increased the contents of key odorants, such as benzaldehyde, nonanal, β-cyclocitral, linalool, nerol, α-cedrol, β-ionone, limonene, 2-methylfuran, indole, and longiborneol. Moreover, non-targeted metabolomics identified up to 14 differentially expressed metabolites through pair-wise comparisons, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, sucrose, and critical metabolites, which were the main components corresponding to YAYT roasted for 22 min. In summary, the current results provide scientific guidance for the production of high quality YAYT.     

Comparison of the Structural Evolution of β Polypropylene during the Sequential and Simultaneous Biaxial Stretching Process

In this work, the lamellar structural evolution and microvoids variations of β polypropylene(β-PP) during the processing of two different stretching methods, sequential biaxial stretching and simultaneous biaxial stretching, were investigated in detail. It was found that different stretching methods led to significantly different lamellae deformation modes, and the microporous membranes obtained from the simultaneous biaxial stretching exhibited better mechanical properties. For the sequential biaxial stretching, abundant coarse fibers originated from the tight accumulation of the lamellae parallel to the longitudinal stretching direction, whereas the lamellae perpendicular to the stretching direction were easily deformed and separated. Those coarse fibers were difficult to be separated to form micropores during the subsequent transverse stretching process, resulting in a poor micropores distribution. However, for the simultaneous biaxial stretching, the β crystal had the same deformation mode, that is, the lamellae distributed in different directions were all destroyed, forming abundant microvoids and little coarse fibers.     

CeO2修饰Ni3S2纳米片用于高效电催化析氧

电化学水分解制氢作为重要的生产氢能的新能源技术,包括氢气析出反应(HER)和氧气析出反应(OER).然而,OER进行的是多步电子转移过程,动力学过程缓慢且过电位高,严重制约了电解水制氢的发展.因此开发低成本、高效稳定的非贵金属催化剂替代贵金属催化剂(RuO2,IrO2)来降低过电位,减少能源消耗十分必要.Ni3S2由于...     

中国农民收入水平、受教育程度及其社会地位的实证研究

“三农”问题是我国相当长阶段内的社会问题,而所有的问题中最突出的是人的问题,即农民问题。本文主要通过四个部分对中国农民的收入水平、受教育程度及其社会地位进行了实证研究。在找出各种影响因素之后,通过建立经济学模型深入研究各个因素对农民收入水平、受教育程度的贡献大小,进而分析了农民社会地位的影响因素,最后对所得结论逐一分析探讨,提出了解决农民问题的一些途径。