Preparation of α-oxygenated phosphine oxides from chlorodiphenylphosphine

A range of α-alkoxyphosphine oxides, including novel α-methoxyallyl oxides, are readily prepared from chlorodiphenylphosphine and acetals.     

Refinements to the diastereoisomer-specific method for the analysis of hexabromocyclododecane

The emergence of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) as a bromine-based flame retardant of concern is partly attributable to recent measurements on the environmental occurrence of the individual diastereoisomers (alpha, beta and gamma). These measurements were fuelled by a newly developed liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS)-based analytical method. However, in the course of our recent studies on the environmental fate and behaviour of the diastereoisomers of HBCD, some interesting features of the LC/MS/MS method became apparent. For example, the ion signal of the native ions was found to be dependent on the final extract volume. This was true for both biotic and sediment samples and was found to arise from the suppression of the ion signal due to endogenous material in the extracts that escape clean-up. We have also found differences in the stability of the diastereoisomers in different solvents. If left unaccounted for, both factors can compromise analytical measurement data. By way of a series of controlled experiments conducted at our two laboratories [Department of Fisheries & Oceans Canada (DFO) and Environment Canada (EC)], we illustrate these features and demonstrate that use of newly synthesized labelled HBCD isomers [(13-carbon (13C) and deuterium (d18)] can minimize and often circumvent matrix-related effects.     

Dust-acoustic solitons in quantum plasma with kappa-distributed ions

Arbitrary amplitude dust-acoustic (DA) solitary waves in an unmagnetized and collisionless quantum dusty plasma comprising cold dust particles, kappa (κ)-distributed ions and degenerate electrons are investigated. The influence of suprathermality and quantum effects on the linear dispersion relation of DA waves is investigated. Then, the effect of κ-distributed ions and degenerate electrons on the existence domain of solitons is discussed in the space of (M, f). The comparison of the existence domain for higher and lower values of κ shows that suprathermality results in propagation of solitons with lower Mach number, and the quantum effects, lead to a higher values of Mach number. The existence domain of solitons for nondegenerate κ-distributed electrons is considered for comparison with effect of degenerate electrons. Also, we found that the Sagdeev potential well becomes deeper and wider as ε _F???i decreases, as for lower κ values, the influence of quantum effects on the Sagdeev pseudopotential profile is smaller.     

Determination of trace amounts of aromatic amines after magnetic solid‐phase extraction using silver‐modified Fe3O4/graphene nanocomposite

In this work, a fast and simple magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction methodology was developed utilizing Ag@magnetite nanoparticles@graphene nanocomposite as an efficient magnetic nanosorbent for preconcentration and determine of five aromatic amines in water samples. The sorbent was characterized by diverse characterization techniques. After the extraction, high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was utilized to analysis the aromatic amines. The effects of different factors on the extraction process were studied thoroughly via design of experiment and desirability function. Detection limits and linear dynamic ranges were obtained in the range of 0.10–0.20 and 0.3–300 μg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations (n = 5) were in the range of 4.3–6.5%. Eventually, the method was employed for determination of target aromatic amines in various water samples.     

On the phase field modeling of crack growth and analytical treatment on the parameters

Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics - A thermodynamically consistent phase field model for crack propagation is analyzed. The thermodynamic driving force for the crack propagation is derived...